OCHIENG JOB O

F16/ 2328/ 2009

THE HYDRAULIC JUMP EXPERIMENT

OBJECTIVE

To confirm the expressionn connecting the depths before and after the hydraulic jump.

d
d= +
2 √
2q d
+
gd 4

THEORY

In an open channel, when rapidly flowing stream abruptly changes to a slowly flowing stream, a
distinct rise or jump in elevation of the liquid surface takes place. This phenomenon is known as
a hydraulic jump. The jump converts kinetic energy of a rapidly flowing stream into potential
energy. Due to this, there is loss of kinetic energy. At the place where hydraulic jump occurs,
eddy turbulences form which cause dissipation of energy.

APPARATUS

The apparatus was as illustrated;

A
OCHIENG JOB O
F16/ 2328/ 2009

PROCEDURE

Three adjustable gates were involved. The upstream gate radial, the adjustable overflow and the
inlet valve were used to vary the discharge and upstream depth. The downstream radial varied
the depth downstream and hence the position of the jump.

Nine sets of readings were taken; three positions of upstream gate each with three heads
upstream of the gate.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

diameter of collecting tank = 38.8

cm
bredth of channel = 5.17 cm
d1 Measured d2 h1 h2 t Q (m^3/s) q (m^2/s) Theoretical d2 d1 in m
10.19 15.6 10.3 24.2 12.45 0.00132 0.025533 0.011502221 0.156
9.53 14.52 9.1 23.1 20.19 0.00082 0.015858 0.005345435 0.1452
8.93 13.25 9.7 14.6 13.89 0.000417 0.008068 0.001634164 0.1325
9.51 14.67 9.7 16.6 11.31 0.000721 0.013952 0.004202603 0.1467
9.27 11.2 9.2 11.6 10 0.000284 0.005489 0.000709315 0.112
10.18 15.24 9.3 19.1 10.95 0.001058 0.020468 0.007664592 0.1524
9.53 13.62 9.6 15.8 11.89 0.000617 0.011925 0.003092097 0.1362
10.62 9.5 9.5 11.8 11.8 0.00023 0.004458 0.000357987 0.095

Graph of experimental d1 against theoretical d1 in metres

0.18

0.16 f(x) = 4.58922506445151 x + 0.114704139782646

Theoretical d1 (m)
0.14

0.12

0.1
Experimental d1 (m)

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014
OCHIENG JOB O
F16/ 2328/ 2009

DISSCUSION

The graph obtained did not pass through the origin and is at 45°. However, when multiplied by a
constant factor of 4.5 it passes through the origin at 45 degrees.This satisfies the theory
d
d= +
2 √
2q2 d2
gd
+
4

Assumptions made in the analysis of a hydraulic jump

1. Loss of head due to friction at the walls and the channel bed is negligible
2. The flow is uniform and the pressure distribution is hydrostatic before and after the jump
3. The channel is horizontal or has a very small slope.

Areas where hydraulic jump occurs

 Spillways- Reducig energy and velocity of water in the chanell downstream of a spillway.
 Sluice gate.
 Mixing of coagulant chemicals in water treatment plants.

CONCLUSION

d
The expression isd= +
2 √
2q2 d2
gd
+
4
confirmed.