ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

Semester:1

Vimal Samsingh R
 Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes

UNIT – 4

“SECTION OF SOLIDS ”

VSS
VSS
NEED FOR SECTIONING OF SOLIDS
 SECTIONING A SOLID. The action of cutting is called
An object ( here a solid ) is cut by SECTIONING a solid
some imaginary cutting plane &
to understand internal details of that object. The plane of cutting is called
SECTION PLANE.
wo cutting actions means section planes are recommended.

OBSERVER E
AN
PL
Section Plane perpendicular to Vp and inclined to Hp. ASSUME
UPPER PART
N
TO FV
.
EC IN
( This is a definition of an Aux. Inclined Plane i.e. A.I.P.) REMOVED S

NOTE:- This section plane appears (A)

as a straight line in FV.

Section Plane perpendicular to Hp and inclined to Vp.

( This is a definition of an Aux. Vertical Plane i.e. A.V.P.)
NOTE:- This section plane appears (B)
as a straight line in TV.
emember:-
After launching a section plane ASSUME
LOWER PART
SE
CT
ON
IN PLA
either in FV or TV, the part towards observer REMOVED TV NE
.
OBSERVER
is assumed to be removed.
As far as possible the smaller part is
assumed to be removed.
Engineering Graphics GE - 6152
TYPES FOR SECTIONAL VIEWS – SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW
Engineering Graphics GE - 6152
TYPES FOR SECTIONAL VIEWS – SECTIONAL TOP VIEW
Engineering Graphics GE - 6152
CROSS SECTION OF SOLIDS
TERMS & CONVENTIONS
Engineering Graphics GE - 6152
METHOD OF HATCHING
 For TV
ILLUSTRATION SHOWING
IMPORTANT TERMS Fo
rT
IN SECTIONING. ru
e Sh
a pe

SECTION
PLANE

TRUE SHAPE
Of SECTION

x y

Apparent Shape
of section
SECTION LINES
(450 to XY)

SECTIONAL T.V.
Typical Section Planes
&
Typical Shapes
Of
Sections.
Triangle Section Plane
Section Plane Ellipse
Through Generators
Through Apex

la
abo
Par
Section Plane Parallel Section Plane Hyperbola
to end generator. Parallel to Axis.

Ellipse Trapezium

Cylinder through Sq. Pyramid through

generators. all slant edges
 SECTIONAL VIEW – PARALLEL TO H.P AND PERPENDICULAR TO V.P
A cube of 40 mm sideis cut by a horizontal section plane, parallel to
H.P at a distance of 15 mm from the top end. Draw the sectional top
view and front view
 SECTIONAL VIEW – INCLINED TO H.P AND PERPENDICULAR TO V.P
A square prism of base side 50 mm and height of axis 80 mm has its
base on H.P, it is cut by a section plane perpendicular to V.P and
inclined to H.P such that it passes through the two opposite corners of
the rectangular face in front. Draw the sectional Top View and Front
View. Find the angle of inclination of the section plane
 SECTIONAL VIEW – PERPENDICULAR TO H.P AND INCLINED TO V.P
A square prism of base side 40 mm and height 70 mm is resting on its
rectangular face on the ground such that its axis is parallel to H.P &V.P,
it is cut by a section plane perpendicular to H.P &incllined to V.P at an
angle of 45° and passing through a point 10 mm from one of its ends.
Draw the sectional Front View and Top View
TRUE SHAPE OF A SECTION
PROCEDURE FOR TRUE SHAPE
EXAMPLE: TRUE SHAPE PROBLEM
A square prism of base side 50 mm and height of axis 80 mm has its
base on H.P, it is cut by a section plane perpendicular to V.P and
inclined to H.P such that it passes through the two opposite corners of
the rectangular face in front. Draw the sectional Top View and Front
View and true shape of the section
Problem 1: A pentagonal prism , 30 mm base side & 50 mm axis Solution Steps:for sectional views:
is standing on Hp on it’s base whose one side is perpendicular to Vp. Draw three views of standing prism.
It is cut by a section plane 450 inclined to Hp, through mid point of axis. Locate sec.plane in Fv as described.
Draw Fv, sec.Tv & sec. Side view. Also draw true shape of section and Project points where edges are getting
Development of surface of remaining solid. Cut on Tv & Sv as shown in illustration.
C
E Join those points in sequence and show
AP
SH Section lines in it.
UE B
TR D Make remaining part of solid dark.
Y1

A
E
d’ d” c”
c’

X1 e’ e” b”
b’

a’
X a”
Y
e
For True Shape:
d Draw x1y1 // to sec. plane
a Draw projectors on it from
cut points.
c Mark distances of points
of Sectioned part from Tv,
b
on above projectors from
x1y1 and join in sequence.
Draw section lines in it.
It is required true shape.
Problem 2: A cone, 50 mm base diameter and 70 mm axis is Solution Steps:for sectional views:
standing on it’s base on Hp. It cut by a section plane 45 0 inclined Draw three views of standing cone.
to Hp through base end of end generator.Draw projections, Locate sec.plane in Fv as described.
sectional views, true shape of section and development of surfaces Project points where generators are
of remaining solid. getting Cut on Tv & Sv as shown in
N illustration.Join those points in
TIO sequence and show Section lines in it.
C
SE Make remaining part of solid dark.
OF
E Y1
AP SECTIONAL S.V
SH
E o’

E N
U

AN IO
TR

PL CT
SE
DEVELOPMENT

X1
X a’ h’b’ c’ g’ f’ d’ e’ Y
g” h”f” a”e” b”d” c”
g
For True Shape: h
Draw x1y1 // to sec. plane
f
Draw projectors on it from
cut points. a e
Mark distances of points
of Sectioned part from Tv,
on above projectors from b d
x1y1 and join in sequence. c
Draw section lines in it. SECTIONAL T.V
It is required true shape.