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OBSERVER E
LAN
Section Plane perpendicular to Vp and inclined to Hp. ASSUME
UPPER PART T
P
ON FV.
EC IN
( This is a definition of an Aux. Inclined Plane i.e. A.I.P.) REMOVED S
ENGINEERING APLICATION:
THERE ARE SO MANY PRODUCTS OR OBJECTS WHICH ARE DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE BY
CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, BECAUSE OF THEIR SHAPES AND SIZES.
THOSE ARE FABRICATED IN SHEET METAL INDUSTRY BY USING
DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUE. THERE IS A VAST RANGE OF SUCH OBJECTS.
EXAMPLES:-
Boiler Shells & chimneys, Pressure Vessels, Shovels, Trays, Boxes & Cartons, Feeding Hoppers,
Large Pipe sections, Body & Parts of automotives, Ships, Aeroplanes and many more.
WHAT IS
To learn methods of development of surfaces of
OUR OBJECTIVE
different solids, their sections and frustums.
IN THIS TOPIC ?
1. Development is different drawing than PROJECTIONS.
But before going ahead, 2. It is a shape showing AREA, means it’s a 2-D plain drawing.
note following 3. Hence all dimensions of it must be TRUE dimensions.
Important points. 4. As it is representing shape of an un-folded sheet, no edges can remain hidden
And hence DOTTED LINES are never shown on development.
Study illustrations given on next page carefully.
Development of lateral surfaces of different solids.
(Lateral surface is the surface excluding top & base)
Cylinder: A Rectangle
Pyramids: (No.of triangles)
Cone: (Sector of circle) S
H S
L L
D
D
H= Height D= base diameter
Prisms: No.of Rectangles R=Base circle radius. L= Slant edge.
L=Slant height. S = Edge of base
R 3600
= L
+
H
All sides
equal in length
FRUSTUMS
DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF
FRUSTUM OF CONE FRUSTUM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
Base side
Top side
L L
L1
R
= L
3600
+
A A B C D
E E A
d’ d” c”
c’
X1 e’ e” b”
b’
a’
X a”
Y
e DEVELOPMENT
d
For True Shape: a For Development:
Draw x1y1 // to sec. plane
Draw development of entire solid. Name from
Draw projectors on it from c
cut-open edge I.e. A. in sequence as shown.
cut points. b Mark the cut points on respective edges.
Mark distances of points Join them in sequence in st. lines.
of Sectioned part from Tv, Make existing parts dev.dark.
on above projectors from
x1y1 and join in sequence.
Draw section lines in it.
It is required true shape.
Problem 2: A cone, 50 mm base diameter and 70 mm axis is Solution Steps:for sectional views:
standing on it’s base on Hp. It cut by a section plane 45 0 inclined Draw three views of standing cone.
to Hp through base end of end generator.Draw projections, Locate sec.plane in Fv as described.
sectional views, true shape of section and development of surfaces Project points where generators are
of remaining solid. getting Cut on Tv & Sv as shown in
N illustration.Join those points in
TIO sequence and show Section lines in it.
C
SE Make remaining part of solid dark.
OF
E Y1 A
AP SECTIONAL S.V
SH
E o’
E N
U B
AN IO
TR
PL CT
SE
DEVELOPMENT C
X1 E
X a’ h’b’ c’ g’ f’ d’ e’ Y
g” h”f” a”e” b”d” c” F
g
For True Shape: h G
f
Draw x1y1 // to sec. plane
Draw projectors on it from For Development: H
cut points. a e Draw development of entire solid.
Mark distances of points Name from cut-open edge i.e. A. A
of Sectioned part from Tv, in sequence as shown.Mark the cut
on above projectors from
b d
points on respective edges.
x1y1 and join in sequence. c Join them in sequence in
Draw section lines in it. SECTIONAL T.V
curvature. Make existing parts
It is required true shape. dev.dark.
Problem 3: A cone 40mm diameter and 50 mm axis is resting on one generator on Hp( lying on Hp)
which is // to Vp.. Draw it’s projections.It is cut by a horizontal section plane through it’s base
center. Draw sectional TV, development of the surface of the remaining part of cone.
Follow similar solution steps for Sec.views - True shape – Development as per previous problem!
o’ DEVELOPMENT
A
a’
B
h ’b
HORIZONTAL
’ c
SECTION PLANE C
’ ’g
d’f D
’
X a’ h’b’ c’ g’ f’ d’ e’ o’ Y
e’
g O E
g1
h f f1 h1 F
a e e1 a1 o1 G
O
H
b d d1 b1
c A
c1
SECTIONAL T.V
(SHOWING TRUE SHAPE OF SECTION)
SOME ACTUAL OBJECTS ARE SHOWN, SHOWING CURVES OF INTERSECTIONS.
BY WHITE ARROWS.