TOPIC #5

Types and Tasks of Teaching

Mr. Jonald T. Suede, RN

EME-001 FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION IN NURSING
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
A. Phases and Structure of the Teaching Process
B. Methods and Forms of Teaching
DEFINITIONS OF TEACHING
“The art of assisting another to learn providing of information and of
appropriate situations, conditions or activities designed to facilitate
learning.”
According to world book encyclopedia
“The process by which one person helps other achieves knowledge,
skill and aptitudes”.
According to John B. Hugh
“Teaching is an activity with four phases: a curriculum planning phase,
an instructing phase, a measuring phase and an evaluate phase.”
STRUCTURE OF TEACHING

TEACHER
(INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE

CONTENT AND
METHOD
TEACHING (INTERVENING
VARIABLES

STUDENT
(DEPENDENT
VARIABLE)
1. Teacher as an independent variable.
• The teacher plans the role of independent variables.
• Students are dependent on him in the teaching process.
• The teacher does the planning, organizing, leading and controlling of
teaching for bringing about behavioral changes in the students.
• He is free to perform various activities for providing learning
experiences to students.
2. Students as dependent variable.
• The student is required to act according to the planning and
organization of the teacher.
• Teaching activities of the teacher influence the learning of the
students.
3. Content and strategy of presentation as
intervening variables.
• The intervening variables lead to interaction between the teachers
and the students. 
• The content determines the mode of presentation-telling, showing
and doing etc.
PHASES OF TEACHING

TEACHING

INTER-ACTIVE PHASE
PRE-ACTIVE PHASE POST-ACTIVE PHASE
(IMPLEMENTATION
(PLANNING STAGE) (EVALUATION STAGE)
STAGE)
PRE – ACTIVE PHASE OF TEACHING
• Fixation of goals.
• Decision making about the subject matter.
• Arranging/sequencing the elements of content for presentation.
• Decision about the strategies of teaching.
• Distribution of teaching strategies.
INTERACTIVE PHASE OF TEACHING
• According to the P.W. Jackson “The teacher provides pupil verbal stimulation of
various kinds, makes explanations, ask questions, listen to the student’s response
and provide guidance”.
• The following activities are included in the inter-active phase of teaching.
1. Sizing up of the class.
2. Diagnosis of the learners.
- Abilities of learners.
- Interests and attitudes of learners.
- Academic background of learners.
3. Action and reaction of achievement.
- Initiation
- Response
POST-ACTIVE PHASE OF TEACHING
• In this phase, as the teaching task sums up, the teacher asks the
questions from the pupils, verbally or in written form, to measure the
behaviors’ of the pupils so that their achievements may be evaluated
correctly.
• Defining the exact dimensions of the changes caused by teaching.
• Selecting appropriate testing devices and techniques.
• Changing the strategies in terms of evidences gathered.
CHECK ON LEARNING
• Definitions of Teaching
• Structure of Teaching (Teacher, Student, Content & Method)
• Phases of Teaching (Pre-Active, Interactive, Post-Active)
METHODS AND FORMS OF
TEACHING
1. INSTRUCTOR/TEACHER CENTRED METHODS
2. LEARNER-CENTRED METHODS
3. CONTENT-FOCUSED METHODS
4. INTERACTIVE/PARTICIPATIVE METHODS
INSTRUCTOR/TEACHER CENTRED
METHODS
• Here the teacher casts himself/herself in the role of being a master of
the subject matter.
LEARNER-CENTRED METHODS
• The teacher/instructor is both a teacher and a learner at the same
time.
CONTENT-FOCUSED METHODS
• Both the teacher and the learners have to fit into the content that is
taught.
INTERACTIVE/PARTICIPATIVE
METHODS
• This fourth category borrows a bit from the three other methods
without necessarily laying emphasis unduly on either the learner,
content or teacher.
FORMS OF TEACHING
1. LECTURE METHOD

A lecture is an oral presentation of information by the instructor. It is

the method of relaying factual information which includes principles,
concepts, ideas and all THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE about a given topic.
FORMS OF TEACHING
2. THE DISCUSSION METHOD

Discussion involves two-way communication between participants. In

the classroom situation an instructor and trainees all participate in
discussion. During discussion, the instructor spends some time listening
while the trainees spend sometimes talking. The discussion is,
therefore, a more active learning experience for the trainees than the
lecture.
FORMS OF TEACHING
2. THE DISCUSSION METHOD

Discussion involves two-way communication between participants. In

the classroom situation an instructor and trainees all participate in
discussion. During discussion, the instructor spends some time listening
while the trainees spend sometimes talking. The discussion is,
therefore, a more active learning experience for the trainees than the
lecture.
FORMS OF TEACHING
3. THE DEMONSTRATION LESSON

“The most effective way to teach an occupational skill is to demonstrate

it... one of the two most essential teaching skills is the ability to
demonstrate; the other is the ability to explain. Both are vital to the
success of either an operation lesson or an information lesson”. Weaver
and Cencil in APPLIED TEACHING TECHNIQUES.
FORMS OF TEACHING
4. BUZZ GROUPS

Another method of instruction is the buzz group. During a longer

session, the plenary group can break into sub-groups to discuss one or
two specific questions or issues. The room soon fills with noise as each
sub-group ‘buzzes’ in discussion. If appropriate, after the discussion one
member of each group can report its findings back to the plenary.
FORMS OF TEACHING
5. BRAINSTORMING

The purpose of a brainstorming session is to discover new ideas and

responses very quickly. It is particularly a good way of getting bright
ideas.
FORMS OF TEACHING
6. ROLE PLAYS

In role plays, participants use their own experiences to play a real life
situation. When done well, role plays increase the participants self-
confidence, give them the opportunity to understand or even feel
empathy for other people’s viewpoints or roles, and usually end with
practical answers, solutions or guidelines.
CHECK ON LEARNING
• Methods of Learning
1. Instructor/Teacher Centred Methods
2. Learner-centred Methods
3. Content-focused Methods
4. Interactive/Participative Methods
• Forms of Teaching
1. Lecture Method
2. Discussion Method
3. Demonstration Lesson
4. Buzz Groups
5. Brainstorming
6. Role Plays
ANY QUESTIONS?
END OF PRESENTATION