Assignment: Read 5.

6 up to sample (238-9)
1. Define the following terms: yield, theoretical yield,
actual yield, percentage yield.
2. Based on your reading, give 4 reasons why the
actual yield in a chemical reaction often falls short
of the theoretical yield.
3. Read the sample problem on the next slide and
try the practice problem on slide number 5
4. When 5.00 g of KClO3 is heated it decomposes
according to the equation: 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
a) Calculate the theoretical yield of oxygen.
b) Give the % yield if 1.78 g of O2 is produced.
c) How much O2 would be produced if the
percentage yield was 78.5%?
1) Answers
Yield: the amount of product
Theoretical yield: the amount of product we
expect, based on stoichiometric calculations
Actual yield: amount of product from a procedure
or experiment (this is given in the question)
Percent yield: actual yield
x 100%
2) theoretical yield
• Not all product is recovered (e.g. spattering)
• Reactant impurities (e.g. weigh out 100 g of
chemical which has 20 g of junk)
• A side reaction occurs (e.g. MgO vs. Mg3N2)
• The reaction does not go to completion
 Sample problem
Q - What is the % yield of H2O if 138 g H2O is
produced from 16 g H2 and excess O2?
Step 1: write the balanced chemical equation
2H2 + O2  2H2O
Step 2: determine actual and theoretical yield.
Actual is given, theoretical is calculated:
# g H2O= 16 g H2 x 1 mol H 2 x 2 mol H 2O x 18.02 g H 2O= 143 g
2.02 g H2 2 mol H2 1 mol H2O
Step 3: Calculate % yield
% yield = actual = 138 g H2O =
x 100% x 100% 96.7%
theoretical 143 g H2O
 Practice problem
Q - What is the % yield of NH3 if 40.5 g NH3 is
produced from 20.0 mol H2 and excess N2?
Step 1: write the balanced chemical equation
N2 + 3H2  2NH3
Step 2: determine actual and theoretical yield.
Actual is given, theoretical is calculated:
# g NH3= 20.0 mol H2 x 2 mol NH 3 x 17.04 g NH 3 =
227 g
3 mol H2 1 mol NH3
Step 3: Calculate % yield
% yield = actual = 40.5 g NH3
x 100% x 100% = 17.8%
theoretical 227 g NH3
4) 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
Answers
a)

b)

# g O2= (also works if you use mol O2)

c)

5.00 g KClO3 x 1 mol KClO3 x 3 mol O2 x 32 g O2

122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol O2
= 1.958 g

% yield = actual x 100% = 1.78 g O2 x 100% = 90.9%

theoretical 1.958 g O2

% yield = actual = x g O2
x 100% x 100% = 78.5%
theoretical 1.958 g O2
x g O2 = 78.5% x 1.958 g O2 = 1.537 g O2
100%
 Challenging question
2H2 + O2  2H2O
What is the % yield of H2O if 58 g H2O are
produced by combining 60 g O2 and 7.0 g H2?
Hint: determine limiting reagent first

# g H2O= 60 g O2 x 1 mol O2 x 2 mol H2O x 18.02 g H2O= 68 g

32 g O2 1 mol O2 1 mol H2O

# g H2O= 7.0 g H2 x 1 mol H2 x 2 mol H2Ox 18.02 g H2O= 62.4 g

2.02 g H2 2 mol H2 1 mol H2O

% yield = actual = 58 g H2O =

x 100% x 100% 92.9%
theoretical 62.4 g H2O
 More Percent Yield Questions
Note: try “shortcut” for limiting reagent problems
1. The electrolysis of water forms H2 and O2.
2H2O  2H2 + O2 What is the % yield of O2 if
12.3 g of O2 is produced from the decomposition
of 14.0 g H2O?
2. 107 g of oxygen is produced by heating 300
grams of potassium chlorate. Calculate % yield.
2KClO3  2KCI + 3O2
3. What is the % yield of ferrous sulphide if 3.00
moles of Fe reacts with excess sulfur to produce
220 grams of ferrous sulphide? Fe + S  FeS
 More Percent Yield Questions
4. Iron pyrites (FeS2) reacts with oxygen according
to the following equation:
4FeS2 + 11O2  2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
If 300 g of iron pyrites is burned in 200 g of O2,
143 grams of ferric oxide is produced. What is
the percent yield of ferric oxide?
5. 70 grams of manganese dioxide is mixed with
3.5 moles of hydrochloric acid. How many
grams of Cl2 will be produced from this reaction
if the % yield for the process is 42%?
MnO2 + 4HCI  MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
 Q1
1. The electrolysis of water forms H2 & O2.
2H2O  2H2 + O2
Give the percent yield of O2 if 12.3 g O2 is
produced from the decomp. of 14 g H2O?
• Actual yield is given: 12.3 g O2
• Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g O2=
14.0 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x 1 mol O2 x 32 g O2 = 12.43 g
18.02 g H2O 2 mol H2O 1 mol O2
Finally, calculate % yield
% yield = actual = 12.3 g O2 =
x 100% x 100% 98.9%
theoretical 12.43 g O2
 Q2
2. 107 g of oxygen is produced by heating
300 grams of potassium chlorate.
2KClO3  2KCI + 3O2
• Actual yield is given: 107 g O2
• Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g O2=
300 g KClO3 x 1 mol KClO3 x 3 mol O2 x 32 g O2
122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol O2
= 117.5 g
Finally, calculate % yield
% yield = actual = 107 g O2 =
x 100% x 100% 91.1%
theoretical 117.5 g O2
 Q3
3. What is % yield of ferrous sulfide if 3 mol
Fe produce 220 grams of ferrous sulfide?
Fe + S  FeS
• Actual yield is given: 220 g FeS
• Next, calculate theoretical yield

# g FeS= 3.00 mol Fe x 1 mol FeS x 87.91 g FeS= 263.7 g

1 mol Fe 1 mol FeS

Finally, calculate % yield

% yield = actual = 220 g O2 =
x 100% x 100% 83.4%
theoretical 263.7 g O2
 4. 4FeS2 + 11O2  2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
If 300 g of FeS2 is burned in 200 g of O2,
143 g Fe2O3 results. % yield Fe2O3?
First, determine limiting reagent
# g Fe2O3=
300 g FeS2 x 1 mol FeS2 x 2 mol Fe2O3 x 159.7 g Fe2O3
119.97 g FeS2 4 mol FeS2 1 mol Fe2O3
= 199.7 g Fe2O3
200 g O2 x 1 mol O2 x 2 mol Fe2O3 x 159.7 g Fe2O3
32 g O2 11 mol O2 1 mol Fe2O3
= 181.48 g Fe2O3
% yield = actual x 100% = 143 g Fe2O3 x 100% = 78.8%
theoretical 181.48 g Fe2O3
 5. 70 g of MnO2 + 3.5 mol HCl gives a 42%
yield. How many g of Cl2 is produced?
MnO2 + 4HCI  MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
# g Cl2=
70 g MnO2 x1 mol MnO2 x 1 mol Cl2 x 70.9 g Cl2
86.94 g MnO2 1 mol MnO2 1 mol Cl2
= 57.08 g Cl2
3.5 mol HCl x 1 mol Cl2 x 71 g Cl2 = 62.13 g Cl2
4 mol HCl 1 mol Cl2
% yield = actual = x g Cl 2
x 100% x 100% = 42%
theoretical 57.08 g Cl2
x g Cl2 = 42% x 57.08 g Cl2 = 24 g Cl2
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