Components of Technology:

PROCESS
 Group 4: The Ethnicon

Lecture: Prof. Madya Dr. Zakirah

Binti Othman

  NAMA NO
MATRIK
1 Tuan Abdul Azim Bin Tuan Mustafa (Ketua) 271644
2 Mohamad Izzat Bin Sulaiman 270197
3 Mohamad Hafiz Bin Khalid 271204
4 Natalia Binti Borhan 279967
5 Kristie Tan Kar Yew 281776
6 Zulaikhah Zakiyyah Binti Abd Aziz 278821
7 Sophia Sungau Anak Muking 278181
content INTRODUCTION
01

02 PROCESS

03 SCENARIO

04 VIDEO
INTRODUCTION
The enterprise use technology for a
wide range of function

1. Transformation
(production, conversion)

2 Transmission/transference
(distribution, collection)

3. Transaction/ Trade
(exchange, service)

4. Treatment
(care, service)
Components of Technology: PROCESS
Refers to
the technology needed to make the designed
product/service

The process is

 Technoware
 Humanware
 Orgaware
 Inforware

Dynamic interaction, complementary

and tradeoff between component
technology
Technoware

refers to equipment, laboratories,

and other assets that a company
can acquire or create to assist in
creating a product or offering a
service.

To enhance human physical powers

and controls for all necessary
transformation operations
 What is there in
Technoware?

02 software needed to
machines needed for the operationalise the
process
01 machines

04 The spare parts

needed to repair the
machines
tools needed to 03
maintain the machines
 Technoware Comprises
Material Transformation Subsystem Information Processing Subsystem

performs desired mechanical carried out a three stage control

operations that the technoware has sequence.
been designed to perform Examples: 1.sensing
2.analysis
3.actuation

20%
In a business enterprise, technoware changes through a process of periodic
substitution of old by new.
Humanware

The human embodied

component of
technology
 Skills to operate the
machines

Whats is
humanware? craftsmanship

knowledge; expertise; creativity .

 Humanware is the effort or skill that a worker or engineer
employs to run a particular technology

Humanware
consists of:

Support humanware
Contact humanware Refers to the maintenance crew
and indirect technoware use
Refers to the skills of operators to
facilitators such as software
operate the technoware
specialists (for CNC machines)
Orgaware

which coordinate all

productive activities of the
enterprise for achieving
purposeful results
 Orgaware may be viewed in terms of what may be called:

work conventions
work facilitation

work organization

work modification

work evaluation
 Work conventions Work facilitation

Introducing beliefs and principles i)Management techniques for

that can set the quality assurance.
tone for introducing management ii)Management techniques for
practices inventory planning and control.

Work organizations

Management techniques to plan

production based
on demand forecasts

Work evaluation Work modification

Management techniques for Management techniques to

monitoring performances. facilitate worker participation
for performance improvement
( 0 defect programs).
Inforware

Referring to :
 Facts and formulae
 Design parameters
 Theories
 Manuals
 Specifications
 Represents the accumulated
knowledge

Enables quicker learning and

savings in terms of time and
resources
 Three categories of inforware
016
Technoware-specific
inforware (TSI)
• Refers to inforware needed to
operate, maintain and Improve
the technoware.
such as :
• Specification of the machines
and list of spare parts
• Operating manuals
• Trouble-shooting checklists
Humanware-specific
inforware (HIS)
• The inforware needed to obtain
a good understanding and
appreciation of the
manufacturing process and the
technoware being used.
Such as :
• Theories on the way the
machines operate, their
limitation
• Tables of engineering data
• International, national
performance standards and
calibration schemes
Orgaware-specific inforware
(OSI)
• The inforware needed to ensure
effective usage of and timely
interactions between, the
available technoware and
humanware
such as :
• Demand forecasts
• Customer specifications
• Machines capacity details
• Lists of material and
components suppliers
  The four components of technology are complementary to one another
and are required simultaneously for any productive activity.

 No transformation can take place in the complete absence of any of

these components.

example :

1. Attempting any kind of transformation without

technoware is impractical;

2. Without humanware, physical facilities remain idle;

3. Without any inforware, human abilities take long time to

Questa foto di Autore
learn and hence inefficient;
sconosciuto è concesso in
licenza da CC BY-SA
4. Without orgaware, the enterprise is wasteful and
ineffective.
The four components of technology are
complementary to each other because:

1. The four components of technology interact effectively with each other and
the conversion of inputs to outputs takes place as it provide a base for
interaction between the four components of technology. If a component is
absent then no conversion of input to output will take place.

2. It helps to have better knowledge of using tools and allows machines to do

work efficiently. It also helps to make better product and services and
communication become better.
 The simultaneity requirement
Can be explained as follows:

Contents Here

Technoware is the core of any transformation. It is Humanware is the key element of any transformation
developed, installed and operated by Humanware. operation and it is in turn guided by Inforware.

Inforware is generated and also utilized by humanware Orgaware acquires and controls technoware, humanware
for decision-making and operation of technoware. and inforware to effect the transformation operation.
scenario

US Bureau of the Census, which collected and analysed

information on tens of millions of residents every decade.
Aware of the tedium and errors associated with clerks
manually copying and tallying figures, several Census
Bureau employees developed mechanical tabulating
machines. Herman Hollerith created the most successful
device. Unlike a predecessor, who chose to record
information on rolls of paper, Hollerith decided to record
information on punched cards. The use of punched cards to
store data was a much better approach because cards
could be sorted into groups, allowing the computation of
subtotals by categories. Hollerith’s equipment proved to be
a great success when used in the 1890 census.
 Such as:

Inforware
From the scenario we can see that all the company collected and analysed information on tens
components of technology process of millions of residents every decade

are complementary from each other

Technoware
mechanical tabulating machines is developed by using
the inforware

Humanware
such as bureau employees and Herman hollerith that
create the most successful device

START
Orgaware
such as Hollerith that decided to record information on
punched card which is much better approach
Thank You