Plan:

• Checking the Exam

• Evaluation de course
• Rewiew Present perfect
• Song
• Games
• Can
• Past perfect
Can
CAN

"Can" is one of the most commonly used Examples:

modal verbs in English. It can be used to
express ability or opportunity, to request -I can ride a horse. ability
or offer permission, and to show
possibility or impossibility. -We can stay with my brother when we are
in Paris. opportunity
CA + NEGATIO = CANNOT/CAN
N N ’T -She cannot stay out after 10
PM. permission

-Can you hand me the stapler? request

Modal Use: Any child can grow up to be
president. possibility
Positive forms: Past, Present, Future.

Negative forms: Past, Present Future.

CA 1. I can speak
Chinese.
1. I can't speak
Swahili.
Also Use: be able to

N 2. SHIFT TO "COULD"  2. SHIFT TO "COULD" 

I could speak Chinese I couldn't speak Swahili.
when I was a kid.
can  3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE
general ability 3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO" 
TO"  I won't be able to speak
I will be able to speak Swahili.
Chinese by the time I
finish my course.

1. With a burst of 1. Even with a burst of Also use: be able to

adrenaline, people adrenaline, people
can pick up cars. can't pick up
something that
2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE heavy.
TO" 
With a sudden burst of 2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE
can  adrenaline, he was able TO"
ability during a specific to lift the car off the Even the weight lifter,
event child's leg. wasn't able to lift the car
off the child's leg.
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE
TO"  3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE
With a sudden burst of TO" 
adrenaline, he will be Even three men working
able to lift the car. together won't be able to
lift the car.
CA 1. I have some free time. I
can help her now.
N 2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO" 
I had some free time
yesterday. I was able to help
her at that time.
can 
3. I'll have some free time
opportunity
tomorrow. I can help her
then.
1. I can drive Susan's car 1.
when she is out of town.
2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED
TO "  TO "
I was allowed to drive
Susan's car while she was
out of town last week.
can 
permission
3. I can drive Susan's car
while she is out of town next
week.
1. I don't have any time. I
can't help her  now.
Also use: be able to
2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO" 
I didn't have time yesterday. I
wasn't able to help her at
that time.
3. I won't have any time later.
I can't help her then.
I can't drive Susan's car Also use: may
when she is out of town.
2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED
 
I wasn't allowed to drive
Susan's car while she was
out of town last week.
3. I can't drive Susan's car
while she is out of town next
week.
CA Can I have a glass of Can't I have a glass
water? of water?
Also use: could, may

N Can you give me a lift Can't you give me a

can  to school? lift to school?
request
Requests usually Requests usually
refer to the near refer to the near
future. future.

Anyone can become It can't cost more Also use: could

rich and famous if than a dollar or two.
they know the right
people. You can't be 45! I
thought you were
Learning a language about 18 years old.
can be a real
can  challenge.
possibility, This use is usually a
impossibility This use is usually a generalization or a
generalization or a supposition.
supposition.
CAN

Exercise 1

Make 6 Sentences with Can. 3 affirmative and 3 negative

Past Participle
PAST PERFECT
"PAST PERFECT“ FUNCTIONS
The "past perfect" refers to a time before the recent past. It is used to indicate that one event
occurred before another in the past. It does not matter which of the events is mentioned first,
because the tense makes clear the temporal order in which they occurred.

In these examples, Event A is the one that first occurred and Event B took place next, is the
most recent:
PAST PERFECT
TRAINING OF "PAST PERFECT"
In English, the "past perfect" is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb to have (had) + the
"past participle" of the main verb.
PAST PERFECT
Direct and Report speech
DIRECT AND REPORT SPEECH
DIRECT AND REPORT SPEECH
DIRECT AND REPORT SPEECH
DIRECT AND REPORT SPEECH
DIRECT AND REPORT SPEECH
DIRECT AND REPORT SPEECH

Exercises

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/intermediate-to-upper-intermediate/reported-speech-1-statements
ENGLISH PHONETIC ALPHABET