NORTH EASTERN REGIONAL INSTITUTE

OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Project Report on
“College automation system using PLC”
Under the guidance of
Dr. O.P.Roy

Submitted By: 1. Karson Lusi Tamin D/15/EE/04

2. Rohit Deb D/15/EE/07
3. Sourav Roy D/15/EE/10
4. Malemnganba Sanasam D/15/EE/12
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Basics of Programmable Logic Controller
 Architecture of a Programmable Logic Controller
 Sensors and types of sensors
 Automated college system
 Layout of the system
 Flow design of the system
 Programming of the system using ladder logic
 SCADA and PLC
 Project estimation and costing
 Conclusion of phase I
 Disclosure of phase II of the project
 References
Phase I : Project study and estimation.

Introduction
 Making a machine run using relays as logic was time consuming, challenging
and complicated.
 PLCs are considered as a replacement for panel of relays.
 Programmable Logic Controller is a special purpose computer.
 The project propose a PLC based system which focuses on energy saving and
reduction of human effort in the security and maintenance of a college
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)

 The PLC defined as an assembly of solid state digital logic elements

- To make logical decision.
- Provide control.
 Most PLCs are capable of operating in high temperature with poor power
conditions in dusty, dirty, corrosive atmosphere and withstand shock and
vibration.
 Other features of PLC programming :
 Counting
 Calculations
 Comparison
 Processing of analog signals and more.
Components of a PLC
 PLC consists of three basics sections:
i) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
ii) Input/ Output Modules
iii) Programming Devices

Fig. Allen Bradley PLC

( sourced from google images )
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 CPU is the brain of the PLC.
 CPU consists of three components:
i) Processor
ii) Memory System
iii) Power supply

Input/ Output Modules

 Input Modules: Input Modules senses the presence or absence of an input
signal at each of its input terminals.
 Output Modules: Output modules receives the signal from the CPU.
Programming Devices
 The programming unit allows the engineer or technician to enter and edit the
program to be executed.

Fig. 1. Block diagram of a PLC

Architecture of PLC

Fig. 2. Architecture of a PLC

Ladder logic
 Ladder logic is the main programming method used for PLCs.
 Ladder logic has been developed to mimic relay logic

Fig. 3. Ladder logic description

Advantages of PLC
 Less Wiring.
 Wiring between devices and relay contacts are done in the PLC program.
 Easier and faster to make changes.
 Troubleshooting aids make programming easier and reduce downtime.
 Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure.
 Suitable for industrial purpose due to its compact size as compared to
hardwired system.
 Less power consumption.
 Fault location and rectification is easy.
 Logic changes can be reprogrammed.
Types of PLCs

 Integrated or Compact PLC : These are built by several modules within a

single case. Here the capabilities of I/O are decided by the manufacturer.

 Modular PLC : These are built with several components that are plugged into
a common rack or bus with extendable I/O capabilities.
SENSORS
A sensor converts the physical parameters (eg. Temperature, Humidity,
Speed, Light, Gas etc.) into a signal which can be measured electrically.

Fig. 4. Block diagram of a sensor (sourced from Google images)

Criteria Sensors used:
 Accuracy  Light sensor/Lux sensor
 Environmental Conditions  Temperature sensor/ Thermistor
 Range  Proximity Sensor/PIR
 Calibration  Smoke detector
 Resolution  Barcode Scanner
 Cost
Temperature Sensors:
 It converts temperature into electrical signals, so that it can be understood
by the control unit.
 Also known as Thermistors
 There are two basic types of temperature sensors:
i) Contact Sensors
ii) Non-Contact Sensors

Fig. 5 Temperature sensors (sourced from google Images)

PIR Sensor/Proximity Sensor:
 It emits/detects infrared radiation to sense a particular phase in the
environment.
 Consists of 1 IR LED as transmitter and 1 IR LED as receiver.
 detects the presence of objects that are nearby without any point of contact

Fig. 6. PIR sensors ( Sourced from google images)

Light Sensor:
 A light sensor is used to generate output signals based on the intensity of the
light by measuring radiant energy.
 The classification of light sensors are:
i) Photo-emissive Cells
ii) Photo-conductive Cells
iii) Photo-voltaic Cells
iv) Photo-junction Cells

Fig. 7. Light Sensor (sourced from google images)

 Smoke detector:
 This is a sensor which detects smoke, usually as an indicator of fire.
 There are two types of smoke detectors:
i) Optical smoke detector
ii) Ionization smoke detector

Fig. 8. Smoke detector

(Source : www.explainthatstuff.com)
Bar Code Scanner/Identification:
 There are two types of barcodes –
i) Linear: holds any type of text information, e.g. Bar type
ii) 2D: it is more complex and can store more information in the code like:
details of a person, web address or image, e.g. QR code

Fig. 9. Bar code scanner

(sourced from google images)
College automation System using PLC
 The project propose a PLC based system which focuses on energy saving and
reduction of human effort in the security and maintenance of a college.
 All the system can be monitored from a single room with the use of SCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) software
 The functions incorporated in the automation system are as follows:
1. Automated lighting system of classrooms.
2. Automated lighting and temperature control system of laboratories.
3. Automated fire detection and safety system.
4. Automated authorization and entry system at gates.
5. System monitoring through SCADA.
Power Supply Unit For A 12V Stepper
Motor

Fig. 10. Circuit diagram of the power supply unit for a 12v DC load
Block diagram of the system

Fig. 11 Block Diagram of the system

Automated Classroom Layout

Fig. 12 Automated classroom layout

Flow Diagram Of Automated Classroom

Fig. 13 Flow design of automated classroom

Source : Google GIF Images
Automated Lighting And Temperature Control System Of
Laboratories

Fig. 14. Automated laboratory room layout

Flow Diagram Of Automated Laboratories

Fig. 15. Flow design of automated laboratories

Automatic Fire Detection And Safety System

 Smoke detectors are installed in the ceilings of the rooms and corridors along
with a water sprinkler system for rooms and corridors and gaseous fire
suppression system in Laboratories and workshops.

 If the smoke detector continues to detect smokes for one minute, then the
PLC will turn on the fire extinguishing system of the particular area in which
the sensor is located.

 If three or more sensors are active simultaneously, then the PLC cut off the
power of the entire building except for the fire safety system.
Automated Verification And Entry System At Gates:

 The gates are equipped with servo motors for opening and closing operations.

 A barcode scanner is installed at the outer side of the gate and a pressure
sensor installed on the floor underneath the gate and a PIR sensor installed on
the interior side of the door.
Main Entrance Layout

Fig. 16 Main entrance layout

Flow Diagram Of Automated Main Entrance

Fig. 17. Flow design of automated main entrance

Ladder logic implementation
SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
 Automation solution
 Systems :
 MTU (Master Terminal Unit)
 RTU (Remote Terminal Units)
 HMI (Human Machine Interface)
 Control system architecture
 Computers, networked data communications
and graphical user interfaces
 High-level process supervisory management
PROJECT ESTIMATION AND COSTING
Table 1. Cost of the materials required and total cost :
Sl. no. Component name Quantity Cost

1 PLC 1 20,000

2 Lux sensor 1 500

3 Temperature Sensor 1 400

4 Proximity sensor 2 400

5 Smoke detector 2 1200

6 Bar-code Scanner 1 1600

7 Toggle Switch 2 25

8 CFL Lamp 1 400

9 DC Motor 3 1200

10 Buzzer 1 200

11 LED Set 100

Total Cost 26025

 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORKS

PHASE –II : MODELLING OF THE PROJECT

 An automated lighting system
 An automated fire safety system
 Automatic gate operation system
 Monitoring through SCADA implementation
References :
  A review on Industrial energy monitoring system using PLC and SCADA Pavan R.Gosavi, Prof. R.S.Khule
Matoshri College of engineering and research center Nashik, Mumbai.
 Literature Survey of Water Control System by P.L.C. Control and Its Cost Analysis Reshmi Banerjee
Assistant Professor, Department of EE, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, W.B.,
India.
 PlC based security system in ship by Devendra Pokharkar, Akshay Deshmukh, Ashutosh Nile, Prof.
A.R.Suryawanshi Dept. of E&Tc, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
 Simon Y. Foo,” A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Fire Detection in Aircraft Dry Bays and Engine
Compartments” IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 47, no. 5, October 2000 1161.
 PLC Controlled Automatic Cooling System of Water-Cooled Compressor Dipesh Debnath (Electrical
Engineer). CUET, Bangladesh.
 Literature Survey of Water Control System by P.L.C. Control and Its Cost analysis Reshmi Banerjee
Assistant Professor, Department of EE, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, W.B.,
India.
 The control of an industrial process with PLC Barz Cristian, Oprea Constantin, Erdei Zoltan, Pop Vadean
Adina, Petrovan Florica Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Cluj-Napoca,
North University Center from Baia Mare Baia Mare, Romania.
 Automation of Packaging and Material Handling using Programmable Logic Controller Joanna Marie M.
Baroro, Melchizedek I. Alipio, Michael Lawrence T.Huang, Teodoro M. Ricamara, Angelo A. Beltran Jr.
School of Graduate Studies, Mapua Institute of Technology, Philippines.
THANK YOU