Chapter 6

Work and Kinetic

Energy
PowerPoint® Lectures for
University Physics, Thirteenth Edition
– Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman

Lectures by Wayne Anderson

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
 Goals for Chapter 6
• To understand and calculate the work done by
a force
• To understand the meaning of kinetic energy

• To learn how work changes the kinetic energy

of a body and how to use this principle
• To relate work and kinetic energy when the
forces are not constant or the body follows a
curved path
• To solve problems involving power
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 Introduction
• The simple methods we’ve learned using Newton’s
laws are inadequate when the forces are not
constant.
• In this chapter, the introduction of the new concepts
of work, energy, and the conservation of energy will
allow us to deal with such problems.

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 Work
• A force on a body does work if the body undergoes a
displacement.
• Figures 6.1 and 6.2 illustrate forces doing work.

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 Work done by a constant force
• The work done by a constant force acting at an angle  to
the displacement is W = Fs cos . Figure 6.3 illustrates this
point.
• Follow Example 6.1.

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 Positive, negative, and zero work
• A force can do positive, negative, or zero work depending on
the angle between the force and the displacement. Refer to
Figure 6.4.

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 Work done by several forces

• Example 6.2 shows two

ways to find the total
work done by several
forces.
• Follow Example 6.2.

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 Kinetic energy
• The kinetic energy of a particle is K = 1/2 mv2.
• The net work on a body changes its speed and therefore its kinetic
energy, as shown in Figure 6.8 below.

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 The work-energy theorem
• The work-energy theorem: The work done by the net
force on a particle equals the change in the particle’s
kinetic energy.
• Mathematically, the work-energy theorem is
expressed as Wtot = K2 – K1 = K.
• Follow Problem-Solving Strategy 6.1.

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 Using work and energy to calculate speed
• Revisit the sled from Example 6.2.

• Follow Example 6.3 using Figure 6.11 below and

Problem-Solving Strategy 6.1.

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 Forces on a hammerhead
• The hammerhead of a pile driver is used to drive a beam into the
ground.
• Follow Example 6.4 and see Figure 6.12 below.

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 Comparing kinetic energies

• In Conceptual Example 6.5, two iceboats have

different masses.
• Follow Conceptual Example 6.5.

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 Work and energy with varying forces—Figure 6.16

• Many forces, such as the

force to stretch a spring,
are not constant.
• In Figure 6.16, we
approximate the work by
dividing the total
displacement into many
small segments.

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 Stretching a spring
• The force required to stretch a
spring a distance x is
proportional to x: Fx = kx.

• k is the force constant (or

spring constant) of the spring.

• The area under the graph

represents the work done on
the spring to stretch it a
distance X: W = 1/2 kX2.

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 Work done on a spring scale
• A woman steps on a bathroom scale.

• Follow Example 6.6.

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 Motion with a varying force
• An air-track glider is attached to a spring, so the force on
the glider is varying.
• Follow Example 6.7 using Figure 6.22.

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 Motion on a curved path—Example 6.8
• A child on a swing moves along a curved path.

• Follow Example 6.8 using Figure 6.24.

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 Power
• Power is the rate at which work
is done.
• Average power is Pav = W/t
and instantaneous power is P =
dW/dt.
• The SI unit of power is the watt
(1 W = 1 J/s), but other familiar
units are the horsepower and the
kilowatt-hour.

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 Force and power

• In Example 6.9, jet engines develop power to fly

the plane.
• Follow Example 6.9.

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 A “power climb”
• A person runs up stairs. Refer to Figure 6.28 while
following Example 6.10.

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