ETHIOPIAN INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE AND FASHION

TECHNOLOGY

2nd year M.Sc. in Textile Manufacturing

Course Title: Advanced Principles of Textile Machine Design
Seminar title on: winding on roving frame

Prepared By: Fekade Dejene

Date: 11/03/2011 E.C

1
 twisting Objectives of the roving frame drafting
winding

 The epicyclic gear train is used in roving machine to combine a fixed

rotational speed of flyer and
 a variable rotational speed of winding of roving around the bobbin.
 Both these speeds are combined to get the rotational speed of bobbin.
 isThe
This rotational speed of winding is reduced from bare/empty bobbin to
a sample
text. Insert your
full bobbin after completion of each and every layer of winding.
desired text here.
 The speed reduction is carried out using a pair of cone pulleys and belt
shift mechanism.
 Operating sequence

Drafting
Roving lever
Sliver can arrangement

Bobbin

Driven Spindle
transport rollers Flyer Bobbin rail
 The velocity of fiber strand delivered by the front
drafting roller is ‘‘V’’(the delivery rate of roving in
m/min.)
let the rotational speed (in rpm ) of bobbin, flyer, and
winding are NB,NF and NW respectively.

Then,
NW =NB-NF ………………. (1)
NB= NW+NF ………………. (2)

  Since the rate of winding m/min. Must match to the delivery

rate of roving and ,if the bobbin diameter(in mm) is dbm then,
Nw= ………………………….(3)
dBm=2(m-1)t+dB0
As the winding of roving proceeds from the empty
bobbin to the full bobbin,
the winding rpm (NW) decreases, since the delivery
rate of roving (v) is constant ( refer the Eq. 3).
As a result, the bobbin rpm must be reduced in
proportion to the changes in the bobbin diameter
after winding each layers of roving.
 Referring to equation (2), the bobbin speed is a
function of a constant flyer speed (NF) and a variable
winding speed (NW).
An epicyclic gear train used on a roving machine is shown in the next figure.
Front drafting roller diameter is 27 mm. The diameters of top cone and bottom
cone pulleys while winding on bare bobbin are: 216 mm and 114 mm respectively.
The diameter of bare bobbin is 48mm. The rpm of flyer and main shaft are 1000
and 827 respectively.
 The Flyer

Flyer top Flyer gets motion by gearing.

. Rovin
g inlet
Flyer speed has direct influence on
production.
Flye
end

r leg
. Spindle
Presser eye

The flyer, is rotating at a high rate (up

e to 1500rpm.
nd l
Sp i
Presser arm
 Winding principle
 Winding is the process of transferring roving from
flyer to bobbin to facilitate subsequent processing.
 Cylindrical body with tapered ends
 The angle of taper of the ends is normally between
80° and 95°.

 Large angle - to wound more roving onto the

package.
 Small angle - to ensure that the layers do not slide
apart. [Slough-off]
 Cont.…
Bobbin
Rotation – to wind the roving on the roving bobbin [bobbin speed must be
higher than the flyer speed]
Reduction of rotation by belt shifting– to achieve constant winding speed
[bobbin dia. increases, the winding on speed must be decreased-constant]
Bobbin rail
Lifter motion - to wind over the whole length of the tube, the winding point
must be continually shifted.
Reversing the direction of movement
Shortening of traverse/stroke
after each layer has been completed – to make tapered ends.
•  drive systems
Mechanical drive systems
Electronic drive system
Let,
Front roller delivery= L inch/min
 Bobbin speed at any instant point of winding = NB rpm
 Spindle speed at any instant point of winding = NS rpm
Bobbin dia. at that point of winding = d
So, bobbin circumferenced
Winding on speed, Nw= (NB – NS) rpm
Total winding length / minute = d(NB– NS) rpm
Therefore, L = d(NB– NS)
 Cont.…
Mechanical drive system:

Bobbin drive:

Variation in bobbin speed originates from the cone drums.

When the builder motion shifts the cone belt, the rotation speed of the lower
cone is changed.

This declining rotation speed is transmitted via gearing to the differential and
superimposed on the constant speed of the main shaft.
• The angle of taper of the ends normally lies between 80° and 95° (maximum
100°).
Winding mechanism of bobbin:-
1. Raising and lowering the flyer or
2. Up and down movement of the tube together with the bobbin rail (by means
of racks or lever).
The builder motion
It performs three important tasks during a winding operation:
1. Shifts the cone belt corresponding to an increase in the bobbin diameter
3. Reverses the direction of movement of the bobbin rail at the upper and lower
ends of the lift stroke, and
4. Shortens the lift after each layer to form tapered ends on the bobbins.
 Cone drive transmission

Transmission occurs in small steps through shifting of the cone belt after
each lift stroke.

 Bobbin rotation must be changed with a linear function.

The cone faces convex on the upper driving cone and concave on the lower
driven cone - difficult to design.

 Straight sided - the belt must be shifted through steps of varying magnitude,
the initial steps being relatively large ( W1) and the later ones smaller.
 Shifting the belt
Is controlled by the ratchet wheel (on axle). After each stroke, the ratchet
wheel is permitted to rotate by a half tooth.
This ratchet steps out the wire rope (1) and hence permits movement of the
belt guide (5) to the right.
The tensile force required to induce movement of the belt is exerted by a
weight.
Bobbin diameter increases more or less rapidly depending upon roving hank.
So degree of shift is modified by replacing the ratchet wheel or by substituting
change wheels.
ratchet wheel with fewer teeth - then the belt is shifted through larger steps,
i.e. it progresses more rapidly, and vice versa
When the bobbin is fully wound, the belt must be moved back to its starting
point- today by auxiliary motor.
1. Rope
10. Ratchet wheel
5. Belt guide
7. Weight
4. belt
a. Lifter motion:
 In the package, each turn must be laid next to its neighbors.
So the lay-on point must continually be moved, by raising and lowering the
bobbins supported on a movable rail.
Not by raising and lowering the flyers – b/c the unsupported roving length,
withdrawal angle and approaching angle will vary.
 Raising and lowering can be carried out by –
Racks attached to the rail.
Lever mounted on the rail
The lift speed must be reduced by a small amount after each completed layer.

The lift drive is also transmitted via the cone transmission as bobbin drive but
not via the differential.
Lifter motion with racks (a) Lifter motion with levers (b)
b. Reversal of the bobbin rail movement:
 Reversing drive must be provided so that the bobbin rail is alternately raised
and lowered.
Reversal of the rail movement originates from the reversing gear(1/2/3).
Electrically operated valve pressurizes the left- and right-hand chambers of
double-acting cylinder (9) alternately.
Thus left-hand clutch (1) and right hand clutch (2) are operated successively.
 So that pinion (3) engages with either gear wheel 1 or gear wheel 2.
The rotation itself comes from the shaft 10, on which gear wheels 1 and 2
are mounted, always rotating in the same direction.
Operation of clutch (1) or (2) causes left- or right-hand rotation of pinion 3
and shaft 4, accordingly.
The bobbin rail is correspondingly raised or lowered via bevel gear 5, pinion
6, sprocket 7 and lifting chain 8.
 b. Mechanism for reversing the bobbin rail movement

1/2/3 – reversing 7 - sprocket

gear 8 – lifting chain
4 – shaft 9 – cylinder
5 – worm gear
6 – pinion 10 – drive shaft
 c. Shortening the lift:

 Rods 5 and 6 (a) are inclined.

The inclination is adjustable and corresponds exactly to the taper of the bobbin
ends (angle alpha).

During winding of a package, the ratchet is rotated at every change-over, and

the micro-switch (4) is also gradually shifted further to the right on a slide.

Therefore, the rods engage the micro-switch steadily earlier in the lift stroke,
reversal occurs correspondingly earlier.

 This results in a continuous reduction in the lift of the rail. The bobbins are
thus built with a taper.
 1- Bobbin rail frame
2 – bobbin rail
3/7 – bracket
5/6 – rods
4 – micro switch

c. The assembly for building conical ends on the bobbins

Builder motion
Has to perform three important tasks during winding Shift the cone belt
corresponding to the increase in bobbin diameter;
• Reverse the direction of movement of the bobbin rail at the upper and
lower ends of the lift stroke; Shorten the lift after each layer to form tapered
ends on the bobbins.