GOALS

•
Identify and describe key characteristics
of polynomial functions
CHAPTER 3 • Divide one polynomial by another
polynomial
POLYNOMIALS FUNCTIONS • Factor polynomial expressions
• Solve problems that involve polynomial
equations and inequalities graphically and
Algebraically.
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 3. GETTING STARTED Skills and concepts you need.

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 3.1 EXPLORING Goal
Identify polynomial
POLYNOMIAL FUNTIONS functions

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3.1 EXPLORING
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
 Polynomial function
A function of the form
 Need to Know
The exponents on the variable
must be whole numbers.
The domain

The equation of a polynomial

function is defined by a The range
polynomial expression as in
F(x) =
The graphs

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EXAMPLE 1
Determine which graphs represent polynomial functions. Explain how you
know.

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EXAMPLE 2
Use finite differences to determine the type of polynomial function that could model each
relationship.

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 Goal:
3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF  Investigate the turning
points and end behaviors
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS of polynomial functions

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3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTIONS

Absolute
Leading coefficient
maximum/minimum
The coefficient of the term with The greatest/least value attained
the highest degree in a by a function for all values in its
polynomial. domain.

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 3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTIONS

Opposite end
An odd-degree behaviors
polynomial Negative
function Leading
coefficient
End behaviors Positive
Same end
An even degree behaviors
polynomial Negative
function Leading
coefficient
Positive

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3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

Turning points Number of zeros

 



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3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTIONS

Symmetry




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EXEMPLE 1
Equation and Graph Degree Even or Odd Leading End Behaviours Number of Turning
Degree? Coefficient x x
Points

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EXEMPLE 2
Describe the end behaviours of each function, the possible number of turning
points, and the possible number of zeros. Use these characteristics to sketch
possible graphs of the function.

  +4+ +
A)   +
B)

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 Possible Graphs
EXEMPLE 3
 
What could the graph of a polynomial
function that has range and three
turning points look like ? What can you
conclude about its equation ?

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3.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS IN
FACTORED FORM
Goal
 Determine the equation of a
polynomial function that
describes a particular graph
or situation, and vice versa.

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VOCABULARY

 Family of Polynomial Functions

 Order

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 Key ideas Need to know

The zeros of the To determine the

polynomials function equation of a If any of the factors of a If any of the factors of a If any of the factors of a
y= f(x) are the same as the polynomial function in polynomial function are polynomial function are polynomial function are
roots of the related factored form, follow linear function. cubed
polynomial equation. these steps

Substitute the zeros into

the general equation of
the appropriate family of
polynomial functions

Solve for a to determine

the equation.

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EXAMPLE 1

 
Using reasoning to draw a graph
from the equation of a polynomial
function.

Sketch a possible graph of the

function

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EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 3

Using reasoning to determine the
equation of a function from given
information.
Write the equation of a cubic function
that has zeros at -2, 3, and . The
function also has a y-intercept of 6.
Representing the graph of
a polynomial function with
its equation.
a) Write the equation of the
function shown below.

b) State the domain and

range of the function.

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EXAMPLE 4 EXAMPLE 5

Representing the equation of a
polynomial function with its graph.
Sketch the graph of the function
+
Representing a contextual situation with an
equation of a polynomial function.
While playing in the surf, a dolphin jumped twice
into the air before diving deep below the surface of
the water. The path of the dolphin is shown on the
following graph. Write the equation of the polynomial
function that represents the height of the dolphin
relative to the surface of the water.

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 Goal
3.4 TRANSFORMATIONS OF  Describe and perform
CUBIC AND QUARTIC transformations on
FUNCTIONS cubic and quartic
functions.
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APPLY THE MATH
Example 1 Example 2
Using reasoning to determine Selecting a strategy to determine the roots
transformations of a quartic function
 
Describe the transformations that must be  
Describe the x-intercept (s) of
applied to and then graph the function.
the function

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Key
ideas
The polynomial function can
be graphed by applying
transformations to the graph of
the parent function .
Each point (x,y) on the graph
of the parent function changes
to ( + d, ay + c) .
Summer 2019
Summary
Need to
know
When using transformations In
to graph a function in the
fewest step, you can apply a
and k together, an then c and
d together.
The value of k represents a
The value of a represents a
horizontal
vertical stretch/compression
stretch/compression and
and possibly a vertical
possibly a horizontal
reflection;
reflection;
The value of d represents a The value of c represents a
horizontal translation; vertical translation;
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 Goal
 Use a variety of strategies
to determine the quotient
3.5 DIVINDING POLYNOMIALS when one polynomial is
divided by another
polynomial.
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EXAMPLES
Example 1
Selecting a strategy to divide a
polynomial by a binomial
 Determine the quotient of
Example 2
Selecting a strategy to determine the
remainder in polynomial division.
Determine the remainder of

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EXAMPLES
Example 3
Selecting a strategy to determine whether one
Example 4
polynomial is a factor Selecting a strategy to determine the
of another polynomial factors of a polynomial
  + 3 is one factor of the function
2x

+ - 16x – 15 . Determine the other factors.

Then determine the zeros, and sketch a
graph of the polynomial.

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 Goal
 Make connections
between a polynomial
3.6 FACTORING POLYNOMIALS function and its
remainder when divided
by a binomial.
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 Summary

Key ideas Need to know

To factor a If a polynomial
The remainder
The factor theorem polynomial f(x), of f(x») has a degree
theorem
degree 3 or greater greater than 3

Not all polynomial

functions are
factorable

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EXAMPLES
Example 1 Example 2
Using reasoning to determine a Selecting tools and strategies to
remainder. factor a polynomial.
 Determine the remainder when +  Factor - completely.
+ is divided by x + 7.

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EXAMPLES
Example 3
Example 4
Connecting the factor theorem to characteristics Using a grouping strategy to
of the graph of a polynomial function.
factor polynomials.
  Factor
  -
+ -.

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EXAMPLES
Example 5
Connecting to prior knowledge to solve a problem

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 Goal
3 .7 FA C TO RI N G A SU M O F D I F F ER EN C E
 Factor the sum and
O F CU B ES
difference of cubes.

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 BOUYELA BIKOU TUTORING SERVICES
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EXAMPLES
Example 1
Selecting a strategy to factor a sum or difference of cubes

Example 2
Selecting a strategy to factor a polynomial.

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EXAMPLES
Example 3
Connecting prior knowledge to factor a polynomial

Example 4
Selecting a strategy to factor a polynomial that is not obviously a cubic

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 END ChapterS Review 1-3

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