Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Isa N. Engleberg
Prince George’s Community College
Dianna R. Wynn
Nash Community College
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Chapter 14:
Technology and
Virtual Groups
Virtual Groups
Rely on technology to
communicate, often across
time, distance, and
organizational boundaries
Virtual Groups Best Practices
Adequate resources
Information technology & support
Electronic communication skills
training
Remote coordination skills training
Members who are role models
FTF versus CMC
FTF = Face-to-face group
meetings
CMC = Groups working in a
computer-mediated
communication
environment
Media Richness Theory
Advantages Disadvantages
More time to Lacks spontaneity
compose Linear rather than
responses interactive
Facilitates
document review
and editing
Dialectics of Virtual Groups
Conformity ↔ Nonconformity
Virtual groups may experience both
strong agreement and fruitful risk
taking.
Conflict ↔ Cohesion
Virtual groups may encourage both
constructive conflict and genuine
cohesion (while avoiding groupthink).
Audioconference
Uses voice-only media to
communicate
Conference calls
(teleconferences)
Computer-based voice links
Audioconferences
Advantages Disadvantages
Easy to set up and Can reduce group
use cohesiveness
Can be used to Difficult to share and
share information
edit documents
and discuss issues
______________
_______________
______________ _______________
Audioconference Guidelines
Limit participation to five or fewer
members.
Distribute an agenda and other
documents in advance.
Take attendance and make
introductions.
Keep comments short and clear.
Audioconference Guidelines
Identify yourself by name when
speaking.
Inform the group when “signing off.”
Summarize the discussion and next
steps.
Distribute meeting minutes ASAP.
Videoconference
Uses both oral and visual
communication
Must balance the high cost of
technology against the cost of
face-to-face meetings
Videoconferences
Advantages Disadvantages
Combines sight and
sound
Requires expensive
equipment and staff
Closely simulates
face-to-face meeting Members may feel
Can save travel and apprehensive
lodging costs Difficult to set up
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
Videoconference Guidelines
Brief members about the system.
Distribute an agenda and documents in
advance.
Look directly at the camera when
speaking.
Use the microphone discreetly.
Dress appropriately.
Textconference
Uses a computer keyboard or
keypad to communicate and
collaborate with group members
Can be combined with audio- or
videoconferencing
Textconference Guidelines
Plan the session carefully.
Make sure everyone has similar technology.
Appoint a facilitator or moderator.
Limit group size.
Monitor participation.
Don’t get sidetracked by irrelevant
conversations.
Summarize the meeting.
Electronic Meeting System
(EMS)
Combines specialized software and
hardware
Includes several capabilities:
Generating ideas and brainstorming
Grouping and analyzing issues
Creating and editing documents
Voting
Electronic Meeting Systems
Advantages Disadvantages
Most versatile Expensive
technology May require time and
Good for travel to an EMS site
brainstorming; _________________
displaying data; _________________
debating, evaluating
________________
________________
EMS Guidelines
Make sure all systems are compatible.
Make sure software and shared files
are accessible.
Develop a clear agenda and technical
instructions.
Decide if any input will be anonymous.
Rotate task functions.
PowerPoint Quiz
For an electronic meeting you
should determine . . .
a)why you are meeting.
b)when you should meet.
b) serial communication.
c) synchronous communication.
d) asynchronous
communication.
e) All of the above.
Are You An Internet Addict?
Do you feel a strong need to use the Internet
frequently?
Do you feel restless, moody, or irritable when
forced to cut down or stop Internet use?
Do you stay online longer than you originally
intended?
Do you lie about or conceal the amount of
time you spend on the Internet?
Do you use the Internet to escape problems
or relieve anxiety?
Bulletin Boards
Bulletin Boards - an asynchronous, text-
based communication medium in which
messages are sent to everyone on the
bulletin board
Threaded Discussion - a series of email
messages about a specific issue
posted on a bulletin board
Bulletin Board Guidelines
Determine whether the bulletin board
will be moderated or will post all
messages.
Organize your thoughts before you
contribute.
Avoid highly critical responses.
Don’t use bulletin board space for
private conversations.
The Digital Divide
Digital Divide - inequalities in access
to, distribution of, and use of information
technology between two or more
populations
The digital divide results in inequalities
related to:
Age
Gender
Socioeconomic factors
Group Diversity and the
Digital Divide
Older members may lack computer skills and
not contribute to and benefit from online
interactions.
Girls consistently rate themselves
significantly lower on computer ability than
boys do.
Urban households earning more than
$75,000 are much more likely to have home
Internet access than rural and low-income
households.
Barquin‘s Ten Commandments
of Computer Ethics
Thou shalt . . .
1. not use a computer to harm other people.
2. not interfere with other people's computer work.
3. not snoop around in other people's computer files.
4. not use a computer to steal.
5. not use a computer to bear false witness.
6.not copy or use proprietary software for which you
have not paid.
Barquin‘s Ten Commandments
of Computer Ethics
Thou shalt . . .
7. not use other people's computers without
authorization or proper compensation.
8. not appropriate other people's intellectual
output.
9. Consider the social consequences of the
programs you write or systems you design.
10. use a computer in ways that insure
consideration and respect for others.
Ramon C. Barquin, “In Pursuit of a Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics