HOW TO

PREPARE
PROJECT IN
SOCIOLOGY-I
Dr.Jisu Ketan Pattanaik
Assistant Professor
STEPS IN RESEARCH PROJECT

Selection and Finalization of research topics/research problems

Prepar at ion of Res ear ch S ynopsi s Corr ec tion of Researc h S ynops is

Collection of research materials/articles etc Evaluation of Project Reports

Pr oject Viv a
CONTENTS
 Chapter-I Introduction
 Chapter-II Review of Literature
 Chapter-III Theoretical Frameworks/Theoretical
Orientation/Theoretical Perspectives
 Chapter-IV Statement of the Problem
 Chapter-V Research Methodology

-Research Objectives
-Universe/Population of the Study
-Method of Data Collection
Chapter-VI Data Analysis and Discussion
Chapter-VII Summary of the Findings
Chapter-VIII Recommendations and Conclusion
Reference
 COVER PAGE
 Title of the project
 University logo
 Left hand side-Name of the student,

Roll No,Section,Semester
 Right Hand side-Name of the supervisor and
Designation
 University Name
INTRODUCTION
 The introduction establishes the issue or
concern leading to the research by conveying
information about a problem.

 The introduction needs to create reader

interest in the topic, establish the problem
that leads to the study, place the study
within the larger context of the literature.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 To gain preliminary orientation and
background knowledge
 It shares with the reader the results of other
studies that are closely related to the one
being undertaken
 To identify research gaps in the field

 It provides a framework for establishing the

importance of the study as well as a
benchmark for comparing the results with
other findings.
MODELS OF REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

Cooper(1984)

Theoretical Review
In Integrative Review
in which the Methodological
of Literature the
researcher focuses review, where the
researchers
on theory that researcher focuses
summarize broad
relates to the on methods and
themes in the
problem under definitions.
literature.
study.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 Sen,Amartya(1990) observed that
 Sen,Amartya(1990) found that, mentioned
that, highlighted that
 According to Sen,Amartya(1990)
 People are the real wealth of a
nation(HDI,2010).
 Full reference is not require in review of
literature like title of the article, Journal
name.
 Give full reference in the reference chapter.
 Author and Year
 THE USE OF THEORY
 A theory appear in a research study as an
argument, a discussion, or a rationale, and it
helps to explain(or predict) phenomena that
occur in the world.
 Whenever we ask why our social world is the
way it is and then imagine how it might be
changed, we are theorizing.
 Theorizing involves a combination of description,
analysis, reflection, and application.
 When we theorize, it is not necessary to use
complex terminology. In fact, the best theories
are those we understand so clearly that they
help us to make sense of our experiences and
the social world.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK/ THEORETICAL
ORIENTATION/THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
 Social Statics and social Dynamics
 Sociological Imagination
 Social Solidarity
 Theory of Suicide
 Theory of Social Action
 Functionalism
 Conflict Theory
 Interaction Theory
 Gender Theory
 Feminism
 Critical Theory
 Social Stratification Theory
 Theory of Deviance-Social Structure and Anomie, Social Control theory,
Ecological theory
 Role Theory and Role Conflict
 Post Modernism
 Cultural Theories
 Capability Theory of Amartya Sen
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 Why your Research Problem is Important?
 Why you are interested to do research on a
particular topic?
 In what way you can/your research can
contribute to Knowledge domain?
 Whether Your Research Topic/ Problem has
any Policy Implications?
 To what extent it will be beneficial for the
society?
 Statement of the problem in Paragraph not
in bullet points.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

 Minimum4-5 objectives in bullet points

 Specific, Clear, Precise, well defined,

conceptual clarity must be there

 Analyze your Research problem on the basis

of the Objectives
DATA ANALYSIS AND
DISCUSSION
 Construction of Tables/Graphs

 Simple Tables, Complex Tables

 Interpretation and analysis of Data

 One paragraph analysis of the table

INCIDENCE & RATE OF CRIME COMMITTED AGAINST WOMEN IN DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA IN 2012

States Incidence Rate Of Total

Cognizable Crimes

ANDHRA PRADESH 28171 66.05

ASSAM 13544 89.54

WEST BENGAL 30942 70.30

ODISHA 11988 58.79

 CRIME IN INDIA-2012
Types of Crime against Case % To Rate Convi
Charge
Women in India Reported total of Sheeting
ction
IPC Crime rate rate
Crime

KIDNAPPING & ABDUCTION OF 38262 1.6 6.5 72.9 21.2

WOMEN & GIRLS

INSULT TO THE MODESTY OF 45351 1.9 7.7 96.0 24.0

WOMEN
ASSAULT ON WOMEN WITH 9173 0.4 1.6 96.1 36.9
INTENT TO OUTRAGE HER
MODESTY

CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR HIS 106527 4.5 8.2 93.6 15.0

RELATIVES

IMPORTATION OF GIRLS FROM 59 0.0 0.0 90.0 16.1

FOREIGN COUNTRIES
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX OF INDIA AND SELECTED COUNTRIES:2010(169 COUNTRIES )
Name of Human Life Mean years Expected Gross HDI
the Developme Expectan of Years of national Rank
Country nt cy at schooling schooling income (GNI)
index(HDI) birth (years) (Years) per capita
value (years) (ppp 2008 $)

Norway 0.938 81.0 12.6 17.3 58,810 1

Australia 0.937 81.9 12.0 20.5 38,692 2
Medium Human Development
China 0.663 73.5 7.5 11.4 7,258 89

Pakistan 0.490 67.2 4.9 6.8 2,678 125

Banglades 0.469 66.9 4.8 8.1 1,587 129

h
Srilanka 0.658 74.4 8.2 12.0 4,886 91

India 0.519 64.4 4.4 10.3 3,337 119

 GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX(138COUNTRIES)
Gender Inequality Gender Inequality Maternal Adolescent Seats in
Index (Rank) Index (Value) mortality Fertility Rate Parliament
2008 Ratio(2003-2008) (1990-2008) -2008-
2008 Maternal deaths Number of
per 100,000 live births per
births 1,000 women
ages 15-19

122 0.748 450 68.1 9.2

Population with at Labour force Contraceptive Antenatal Births
least secondary participation prevalence coverage of attended
education rate (%) rate, any at least one by skilled
(% ages 25 and -2008- method (% of visit (%) health
older) married (1990-2008) personne
-2010- women ages l
15-49
(1990-2008)
Female Male Female Male 56.3 74 78
26.6 50.4 35.7 84.5
DECLINING SEX RATIO OF
ODISHA
1086

1067
1056 1053

1037

1022

1001
988
982 979
971 972

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
 INCIDENCE OF CRIME AGAINST
WOMEN IN CITIES-2012
6000

5194
5000

4000

3000

2073
2000 1899 1781 1898
1427

1000

0
DELHI HYDERABAD KOLKATA MUMBAI VIJAYAWADA JAIPUR
 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Bullet Points

 Findings of the study must be related to the

research objectives.

 On the basis of the Research findings, provide

suggestions/recommendations.
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
 25.4% of boys and 27.6 % of girls reported to have
been experiencing language difficulties in schools
 Language issue is more pronounced during entry level.
 Gap between home and school language
 The mother tongue of majority of students is Desiya
language, which is not the medium of instruction in
schools, multilingual situation operates in almost all
the schools
 Odia, which is the medium of instruction, is the
mother tongue of negligible percentage of students
(5.2 % boys and 4.3 % girls)
RECOMMENDATIONS :QUALITY OF EDUCATION
 Multilingual and multi-cultural situations operate in almost all
the Ashram schools Therefore, multi-lingual education
programme should be initiated in these schools. The
curriculum should be designed keeping in view the home
language(s) of children and the cultural contexts of
catchments area.

 Teachers need to be trained in language (s) of the locality

and use them at the time of interaction with the students in
and outside the classrooms.

  Majority of Ashram Schools across the district lack adequate

number of teachers, including subject specific teachers,
particularly in science and math. Teachers be appointed in
the Ashram Schools of the district as per the norm
prescribed in Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 The National Curriculum Framework (2005) for
School Education gives recommendations on the use
of the mother tongue in education
 The 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) recommended
that use of primers in tribal languages should be
extended to all the schools in tribal areas
 Teaching should be imparted in tribal mother
language till primary level (National Policy on
Tribals)
 REFERENCES
Journal Article
 Name of the author(Year).Title of the
article, Name of the Journal, Vol, No
Book
 Name of the author(Year).Title of the
article, name of the book, Publisher, Place
Report-Crime In India
Ministry of Home Affairs(Year).Crime in India,
New Delhi