Major Legislation & Govt.

Role in EM
Topics to be covered
Role of Govt as
Planning
Organizing
Directing
Controlling agency
Major Legislation
Air P & CP Act
Water P&CP Act
Wild Life Protection Act
Factory Act
Indian Govt. intiatives
Environment Protection and Fundamental Right
Right to Wholesome Environment
Right to Livelihood
Right to equality
Ministry of Env & Forest (Govt)
Central Pollution Control Board
Govt. Agencies & their functions
MoEF
Formed in 1985, for formulating policies and their
implementation.
Nodal agency and is responsible for protection
,conservation and development of the environment.
Works in collaboration with
 State govt, CPCB, SPCB, Scientific and Technical Institutions,
Universities and NGO’s
Govt. Agencies & their functions
CPCB
Statutory authority under oerview of MoEF
State Govt has their own Env Ministries, Depts and
SPCB
Govt. Agencies & their functions
MoEF
 Formulation of Env Policies
 Ensuring effective implementation of legislation
 Monitoring and control of pollution
 Eco –development
 Env. clearance for industrial and development projects.
 Env. Research
 Promotion of env education, training and awareness
 Coordination with concerned agencies at national and international
levels
 Forest conservation, development and wildlife protection
 Biospshere reserve programme.
Govt. Agencies & their functions
CPCB
 Advise the Cental Govt on the matters concerning prevention and
control and abatement of water and air pollution
 Coordinate and provide technical and research assistance to the State
Boards.
 Laydown or modify annual standards for environmental parameters
(air,water,noise)
 Ensure compliance with the provisions of various environmental
legislation
 Planning and execution of country wide programmes for the
prevention ,control and abatement of water and air pollution.
 Training & awareness
Govt. Agencies & their functions
SPCB
 Advise the State Govt on the matters concerning prevention and
control and abatement of water and air pollution
 Laydown or modify annual standards for emission stds
 Ensure compliance with the provisions of various environmental
legislation
 Ensure legal action against defaulters
 Planning and execution of statewide programmes for the prevention
,control and abatement of water and air pollution.
 Evolve techno- economic methods for treatment, disposal and
utilization of effluent.
 Training & awareness
International efforts in Air Pollution
1974 :
Major industrial countries in world convened a meeting
for control of air pollution
2 basic principle evolved
 Polluter must pay for pollution
 Transfrontier air pollution be controlled
India’s efforts
• In India , air pollution is in urban areas & major
contributors are vehicles, high contribution of industries &
thermal power plants
• Root causes are:
– Increase in no. of vehicles
– Increase in power generation
– Domestic pollution
– Air pollutant emission load
– Vehicle emission
India’s efforts
• Under National Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring(NAAQM) network , three air pollutants,
namely SPM , SO2 and NO 2 have been identified for
regular monitoring.
• SPM – Suspended Particulate Matter
• Sulphur Dioxide
• Nitrogen Dioxide
• Carbon Monoxide
• Metal
Indian Govt as a controller
• Govt has taken number of measure such as
– Legislation
– Emission standards for industries
– Guidelines of industries
– EIA
– Vehicular pollution control measures
– Pollution prevention technologies
– Action plan for problem areas.
– Promotion of env awareness.
 Classification of cities
Dangerous
Howrah,Ankleshwar,Surat,Delhi,Rajkot,Agra,Kanpur,Luckno
w and Vadodra
Bad
Ahmedabad,Mumbai,Indore,Jabalpur,Jaipur,Varanasi & Pune
Poor
Vapi, Bhopal & Chandigarh
 Classification of cities
Fair
Chennai, Kottyam, Aurangabad, Ponda,Mysore,Nashik
Good
Daman,Silwassa,Vasco,Kozikode and Guhwati
Air (C&P of Pollution) Acts
India passed Air (C&P of Pollution) Act 1981
The Factories Act 1948
The Industries (Dev & Regulation) Act, 1957
Mines & Minerals (Regulation & Dev) Act 1957.
Factories Act, 1948
Section 48
Manufacturing process, that gives off any dust or fume
or other impurity of such a nature and are likely to be
injurious, such point shall be enclosed so far as possible.
Effective measures should have been taken to prevent
fumes.
Amendment of Act , 1987:
relates to “hazardous process”
Fact
Petroleum refineries, paper and pulp,texitles and
industrial chemicals produce 27 % of industrial outputs
but contribute 87 % of SO2 and 70% of NOx
emissions
Industrial (Dev & Reg) Act, 1951
Development & Regulation of certain industries
through licensing
Mines & Mineral(Reg & Dev) Act,
1957
Includes the preservation of the quality of air and
control of air pollution.
Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act 1981.
provides for the control and abatement of air pollution.
It entrusts the power of enforcing this act to the CPCB
defines the procedures of the meetings of the Boards
and the powers entrusted to them.
empowers the central and state pollution control
boards to meet with grave emergencies of air pollution.
Air Pollution & Control Act, 1981
Act provides
Prevention, control and abatement of air pollution
Air pollution defined as the presence of any solid, liquid
gaseous substance(including noise) in atmosphere in
such a concentration that it may harm human beings.
Pollution control board as the central state level have
regulatory authority to implement Air Act.
Forest Act, 1948(Amended in 1988)
 It was enacted to ‘consolidate the law related to
forest, the transit of forest produce, and the duty
leviable on timber and other forest produce’.
No forest or any portion thereof may be used for
non-forest purpose without the prior permission of
the Central Govt.
Act deals with 4 types of forest
Reserved forest
Village forest
Protected forest
Non-govt (private) forest
Wildlife Protection Act , 1972
Enacted for providing protection to wild animals
and birds
No one is permitted to hunt any wild animal,
without license from chief Wild Life Warden.
Record of wild life hunted and captures is to be
maintained
Special permit of hunting given to wild life
research.
No person can cook or eat meat of wild animals in
any eating house without license
 Water Pollution
Class Use
A Drinking without conventional treatment but after
disinfections
B Bathing, Swimming and recreation
C Drinking after conventional treatment
D Propagation of wildlife and fisheries
E Only irrigation, industrial, cooling and controlled waste
disposal
Water Pollution Monitoring Prog.
MINARS
Monitoring of India National Aquatic Resources
GEMS
Global Env. Monitoring Systems
GAP
Ganga Action Plan
Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act -1974
establishes an institutional structure for preventing and
abating water pollution.
It establishes standards for water quality and effluent.
Polluting industries must seek permission to discharge
waste into effluent bodies.
Prohibits disposal of any poisonous, noxious or
polluting matter or any matter causing obstruction of
the proper flow of water in a stream.
Montreal Protocol
Govt has taken following policy initiatives:
No customs/excise duties on goods required for Ozone
Depletion Substances(ODS) phase out projects
Bank & financial institutes will not finance ODS
technologies
Ban on import/export of ODS from /to countries which
are not a party to the Montreal Protocol
Ban of exports to CFC’s to developed countries
Compulsory Licensing of imports/exports of ODS
from/to countries that are party to protocol