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Good
Capitalism- an economic
system in which private
individuals or businesses own
capital goods.
Capital Goods-
Why do organisations exist?
• Organisations exist to create value by producing goods and services that customers want. They 2
compete with other organisations on the basis of these goods and services.
• Customers make choices by weighing up the costs and benefits of the available alternatives, and
selecting the option that offers the best value.
Organisations strive to produce value
by operating their value chain.
• If the good or service they produce is attractive and unique, and their particular value
chain gives them an advantage in producing it, the organisation will be able to
compete successfully, and make a margin.
3
The value that the organisation creates is
split between customers and
shareholders.
4
When many organisations come together
in a network, it creates a value system.
• This system creates wealth for its participants, and (in theory), via the notion of the “invisible hand”, for society.
• It is the basis of capitalism, where the means of production are privately owned.
• Within this system, business is regarded as solely an economic institution, whose purpose is to create more and more
economic wealth.
• The success of society as a whole is measured by an increase or decrease in GDP.
Wealth is created via a linear flow of
production and consumption.
6
Which would be fine if we had an
infinite planet.
7
But we don’t.
• So if we run a linear system that converts natural resources into goods for consumption
and disposal indefinitely, we will eventually deplete all the available natural capital.
• In fact, ecological footprinting analysis reveals that 1.5 planet Earths are needed to cope
sustainably with the world’s current levels of consumption and waste.
• If everyone in the world enjoyed the same lifestyle as the average Australian, more than 5 planet
Earths would be needed. 9
Wealth tends to accumulate to those
who own or control capital.
• Unfettered capitalism leads to inequality.
“We thought that markets work. They are not working, and
what’s individually rational… [is] a self-destructive process.”
- Nouriel Roubini
10
• So we can begin to plot shareholder capitalism against a few key
dimensions (see overleaf).
• But societies need more than wealth to thrive – people also need
culture, meaning, identity (as more than just a consumer),
connection with the natural world… and social services beyond
those provided by the government.
• Also, by making the individual the focus, capitalism can isolate
us
and disempower us by weakening our sense of community.
11
MORAL INTENTIONS
& OUTCOMES
DIMENSION UNIT OF
OF CSR VALUE
Self-interest
d (good for me) (e Indi
an go vid
ic ce u
om gal nt al
n
o e l ric
Ec )
Profit before
inequality
Survive
planet
Social
ENVIRONMENTAL LEVEL OF
and
IMPACT EQUALITY
thrive
ec Gr on
de ono owt asis de
a
co my h ph n-m al
up ( m a
lin no E it
m p
g) Competition hu ca
(survival of
the fittest)
Human instinct
Shareholder capitalism
VALUE
ECONOMIC GROWTH
CREATION
ASPIRATIONS
FOCUS
Shared value capitalism
13
• The symbiotic relationship between bees and flowering plants creates benefits for the bees,
benefits for the pollinated plants and benefits for humankind.
• Thus, bees create outcomes for people and planet via their core business.
• Nature is incredibly adept at evolving value-creating, symbiotic systems.
Social and eco entrepreneurship is the
use of entrepreneurial principles to
create outcomes for people and planet.
• An entrepreneur is someone who
creates value via their own
willingness to pursue opportunity
and take on risk.
• While a business entrepreneur
typically measures performance in
terms of profit (honey), a social
or eco entrepreneur focuses on
using a viable business model to
create social or environmental
returns (pollination service) as
well.
• To be viable, the business model is
still compelled to deliver
something of value, so that it can
attract the financial fuel required
to operate.
• Thus, social and eco
entrepreneurship is about evolving
the traditional profit-centric
business model to leverage new
value, preferably via a systems
approach.
• The following options for additional value creation are available to social and eco entrepreneurs:
• Integrate outcomes for people and planet into their organisation’s value chain,
• Or into the value of the goods and services produced,
• Or by collaborating to drive change within the whole value system (e.g. local cluster
development to increase innovation),
• Or via philanthropy.
• The best possible outcome is that in doing this, we actually create additional value for all the
organisation’s stakeholders: its owners, its customers, our environment and society. 16
Social and eco entrepreneurs carefully
manage the balance between people,
planet and profit.
$
Planet People
Profit
• The most effective business models have social and environmental objectives at the core, not the
periphery.
Businesses can be plotted according to their
“business model” and “the importance of social and
environmental outcomes to their core purpose”.
$ Business Model
Greenwash zone
For profit
Tom’s Shoes
Profit for
purpose
NFP:
commercial
NFP: no
Australian
commercial Conservatio
n
Foundation
Importance of
Increasing importance of environmental and social outcomes to core purpose outcomes to
core purpose
Low importance Medium importance High importance Very high importance
Not values-based Not values-based Values-based Values-based
Not core activity Core activity Not core activity Core activity 18
Social and eco entrepreneurship often involves
creating links between the for-profit and not-for-
profit sectors.
$ Business Model
Greenwash zone
For profit
purpose
Increasing emphasis on profitability
NFP: no
commercial Australian
Conservation
Foundation
Importance of
Increasing importance of environmental and social outcomes to core purpose outcomes to
core purpose
Low importance Medium importance High importance Very high importance
Not values-based Not values-based Values-based Values-based
Not core activity Core activity Not core activity Core activity 19
What might the world be like if all organisations
were based on a social or eco entrepreneurship
model?
Perhaps
…
• Society with the possibility of being more equitable.
• Greater community focus.
• Investment in social capital.
• Environmental harm minimisation via some relative decoupling.
• Cooperation between for-profit and NFP.
• (See overleaf)
21
MORAL INTENTIONS
& OUTCOMES
DIMENSION UNIT OF
OF CSR Reciprocity VALUE
(good for
society) (a
nt Com
hr
l op mu
ca oc ni
hi en ty
Et Self-interest
tr
ic
)
d (good for me) (e Indi
an go vid
ic ce u
om gal nt al
n
o e l ric
Ec )
Social equality
minimisation
Profit before
inequality
Survive
planet
Social
Harm
ENVIRONMENTAL LEVEL OF
and
IMPACT EQUALITY
thrive
ec Gr on
de ono owt asis de
a
co my h ph n-m al
up ( m a
lin no E it
(re Gro m p
la wt
g) Competition hu ca on
tiv h (survival of sis de
e e a a
de co
co no the fittest) ph n-m cial
up m
m a
E m so tal
lin y Human instinct
hu nd pi
a ca
g)
Cooperation
(creating Shareholder capitalism
shared value) VALUE
ECONOMIC GROWTH
CREATION
ASPIRATIONS
FOCUS
Shared value capitalism
23
1. BenchAD
29
Decoupling compares resource use to
economic growth.
• Relative decoupling means resource use may increase, however,
at
a slower rate than economic growth.
• Absolute decoupling is achieved when resource use declines over
time while the economy grows.
30
To keep economic activity within
ecological limits, we must achieve
absolute decoupling.
• There is some limited evidence of relative decoupling occurring
thanks to efficiency gains over the last three decades.
– This means that economic growth has outpaced efficiency
improvements, and there has been growth in resource use overall.
• There is little to no evidence of absolute decoupling.
<
Our imperative is therefore to evolve our economy to a truly
sustainable model where our ability to survive and thrive is
actually maximised – but what will it take to get us there?
32
MORAL INTENTIONS
& OUTCOMES
Altruism
(good for the
planet)
DIMENSION B UNIT OF
c (e ios
OF CSR pi Reciprocity co ph VALUE
ro ce e
h (good for nt re
nt r ic
ila society) )
Ph (a
nt Com
hr
l op mu
ca oc ni
hi en ty
Et Self-interest
tr
ic
)
d (good for me) (e Indi
an go vid
ic ce u
om gal nt al
n
o e l ric
Ec )
Environmental
Social equality
regeneration
minimisation
Profit before
Ecological
inequality
Survive
planet
Social
Harm
ENVIRONMENTAL LEVEL OF
justice
and
IMPACT EQUALITY
thrive
ec Gr on
de ono owt asis de
a
co my h ph n-m al
up ( m a
lin no E it
(re Gro m p
la wt
g) Competition hu ca on
tiv h (survival of sis de
e e a a
de co
co no the fittest) ph n-m cial
up m
m a
E m so tal
lin y Human instinct
(re eco w/
Lo
hu nd pi
a ca
n
la om no
g) en l
tiv g twe ocia l
e y: row Cooperation be s ta
de “s e de, api
co as th
t (creating nc a c Shareholder capitalism
up is ala n-m ral
lin ” shared value) B a at u VALUE
ECONOMIC GROWTH g) um n
h nd CREATION
ASPIRATIONS a FOCUS
Symbiosis (harmony Shared value capitalism
between people,
planet and profit)
MARKET Sustainable capitalism
DYNAMICS
Interface Global Case Study
34
Interface Global
• Interface manufactures
carpets, textiles, chemicals,
architectural products and
access flooring systems. The
company supplies more
than 40 per cent of all new
carpet tiles fitted in
commercial buildings world-
wide.
• Interface aims to be the first company that, by its deeds, shows
the entire industrial world what sustainability is in all its
dimensions - people, process, product, place and profits – and in
doing so will become restorative to nature (putting back more than
it takes) through the power of influence.
• The company calls this Mission Zero® and aims to achieve zero
negative impact on the environment by 2020.
35
Source: Interface Global
Interface Global – Policy Drivers
36
Source: Interface Global
Interface Global – Social
Sustainability
• Interface’s social sustainability policy focuses on the development
of programs and processes that promote social interaction and
cultural enrichment. It emphasises protecting the vulnerable,
respecting social diversity and ensuring that all staff put priority
on social capital.
• “Social sustainability is related to how we make choices that
affect other humans in our "global community" — the Earth. It
covers the broadest aspects of business operations and the effect
that they have on employees, suppliers, investors, local and global
communities and customers. Social sustainability is also related
to more basic needs of happiness, safety, freedom, dignity and
affection.”
37
Source: Interface Global
Interface Global – Sustainable
Development
• Interface believes that recycling alone is not enough - it is one-
dimensional. The company has expanded its concerns to the Seven
Fronts of Sustainability and is determined to:
1. Eliminate Waste: Eliminating the concept of waste, not just incrementally
reducing it;
2. Benign Emissions: Focusing on the elimination of molecular waste
emissions. Eliminating waste streams that have negative or toxic effects on
natural systems;
3. Renewable Energy: Reducing the energy demands of Interface processes
while substituting non-renewable sources with sustainable ones;
4. Closing the Loop: Redesigning Interface processes and products into cyclical
material flows;
5. Resource-Efficient Transportation: Exploring methods to reduce the
transportation of molecules (products and people) in favour of moving
information. This includes plant location, logistics, information technology,
video conferencing, e-mail, and telecommuting;
6. Sensitivity Hookup: Creating a community within and around Interface that
understands natural systems and the firm’s impact on them;
7. Redesign Commerce: Redesigning commerce to focus on the delivery of
service and value instead of material. Encouraging external organisations to
create policies and market incentives promoting sustainable practices.
38
Source: Interface Global
Interface Global – Biomimicry
• The core idea behind biomimicry is that nature has already solved
many of the problems designers are grappling with.
• As a direct result of practicing biomimicry, Interface developed a
carpet called Entropy, that mimics the random patterns of the forest
floor. Because the subtly-shaded carpet tiles blend together like
leaves, without strict patterning, there is easier matching of
replacement tiles, fewer discards and easier installation, all resulting
in waste reduction.
• In another example of biomimicry, inspired by the many examples of
adhesion without glue in nature, Interface developed TacTiles, a
carpet tile installation system that uses small adhesive squares to
connect carpet without the need for glue.
39
Source: Interface Global
Interface Global - Business Benefits
40
Source: Interface Global
Where to from here?
42
Pollen Strategy
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Western Australia
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E:
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