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INTRODUCTION TO
INSTRUCTIONAL &
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
 MEANING OF TECHNOLOGY
AND INSTRUCTION
• The word technology has been taken from the
Greek word “technikoes” which means an art
and which is related with skill and dexterity.
• The term technology implies the application of
science to art
 MEANING OF TECHNOLOGY
AND INSTRUCTION
• According to Paul
Saettlesr
“The world technology
does not necessarily imply
the use of machine as
many seem to think but
refers to any practical art
using scientific
knowledge”
 What counts as technology

• Technology as objects
• Technology as knowledge
• Technology as activity
• Technology as process
• Technology as a socio-technical system
 Instruction
• Gagne Briggs and
wager(1992)
“A deliberately arranged set of
external events designed to
support internal learning
process”
 Linking of instruction with
technology
There are three majors’ factors that emphasize
the linking of instruction with technology:
1. The exploding world population
2. The exponential rate at which new knowledge
is being created
3. The changing science and technology of our
times
 Definition of Instructional
Technology
According to Seels and Richey
Instructional technology is the theory of
practice of design, development, utilization,
management and evaluation of process and
resources for learning.
 Instructional Technology
It is the branch of education concerned with the
scientific study of instructional design and
development. The main purpose of instructional
designers is to create engaging, effective
learning experiences. Quite often educational
technology and instructional technology are
regarded as synonyms. The best-known
instructional method is a lecture or traditional
classroom on learning.
• Instructional technology is just what it
sounds lie, using computers, CD Rooms,
interactive media, modems, satellites,
teleconferencing and other technological
means to support learning.
 Instructional technology involves
• The process of designing instruction.
• The application of learning theories
• The selection of materials and tools to design
and implement a design.
• The evaluation of designs.
• The effective use of team work
• The use of technology in support of the
development and delivery of instruction.
 Applications of instructional
technology
1. Systemic
2. Systematic
• Systematic
(The plan for instruction that is systematic) is
strategic building from simple to complex ,and is
design before activities and lessons planed
Nature of Instructional Technology
• It‘s basis is science
• It studies the effect of science and technology
upon education.
• It is a continuous, progressive & effect
producing method.
• It develops new concepts like programmed
learning, microteaching, Simulated teaching,
video tape, projector and computer etc.
Nature of Instructional Technology

• It can not solve each an every problem of

education. It can be used successfully in
teaching and instructional system only.
• It can not replace the teacher
 Characteristics of Instructional
Technology
• It is helpful in achieving cognitive objectives.
• It can meet the shortage of effective teachers
• With it‘s help, the purpose can learn according
to his needs and speed.
• It can control the individual differences.
• Analysis of contents in depth is carried out in
this technology
 Concept of Communication
Technology
• Communication
Technology is also
comprised of two words
like Communication &
Technology
• Technology is the science
of the application of
knowledge to practical
purposes
 Communication
• Communication is an integral part of human
existence.
• It is the process & transferring information form
a Sender to a receiver with the use of a medium
in which the communication information is
understood by both sender and receiver.
 Communication technology
• Communication Technology implies the
knowledge, skills and understanding needed to
exchange information verbally or non- verbally
 Communication technology
• Communication Technology is the electronic
systems used for communication between
individuals or groups
• Systems such as telephone, telex, Fax, radio, T.V.
and Video are included, as well as more recent
computer based technologies, including electronic
data interchange and e-mail.
 Communication technology
• It is processing of information in terms of
accessing information, decoding information
and sending it via a medium and changer to
the receivers
• Communication technology is the activity of
designing and constructing and maintaining
communication
 Method of using Instructional
Communication Technology in Classroom
• The Addie model is an instructional design
methodology used to help, organize and streamline
the production of your course content.
• Developed in the 1970’s
• The ADDIE model relies on each stage being done in
the given order but with a focus on reflection and
iteration.
• The model gives you a streamlined, focused approach
that provides feedback for continuous improvement.
Addie is an acronym for the five stages of a
development process:
1. Analysis
2. Design
3. Development
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
 1. Analysis
In the analysis phase, instructional problem is
clarified, the instructional goals and objectives
are established and the learning environment
and learner’s existing knowledge and skills are
identified. training plan that addresses: Who,
What, When, Where, Why, How?
Below are some of the questions that are
addressed during the analysis phase:
• Who is the audience and their characteristics?
• Identify the new behavioral outcome?
• What types of learning constraints exist?
• What are the delivery options?
• What are the online pedagogical
considerations?
• What is the timeline for project completion?
 2. Design
The design phase deals with learning objectives,
assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject
matter analysis, lesson planning and media selection.
The design phase should be systematic and specific.
Systematic means a logical, orderly method of
identifying, developing and evaluating a set of
planned strategies targeted for attaining the project’s
goals. Specific means each element of the
instructional design plan needs to be executed with
attention to details.
 3. Development
At this stage, you can begin to create the
courses. You will be heavily guided by the
prototype/storyboards at this point. Each
element of the course should be developed to
match the design phase. The core of the content
has already been decided. All you need to add is
a level of detail and polish to the courses.
 4. Implementation
During the implementation phase, a procedure
for training the facilitators and the learners is
developed. The facilitators’ training should cover
the course curriculum, learning outcomes,
method of delivery, and testing procedures.
Preparation of the learners include training
them on new tools (software or hardware),
student registration.
 5. Evaluation
The evaluation phase consists of two parts:
formative and summative. Formative evaluation
is present in each stage of the ADDIE process.
Summative evaluation consists of tests designed
for domain specific criterion related referenced
items and providing opportunities for feedback
from the users.
 What to focus on:

• Did we meet the goals as set out in the

analysis phase?
• Take feedback and place back into the analysis
phase.
• Identify other training requirements.
• Possible change in media types or approach.