START WITH THE NAME OF ALLAH WHO IS MOST

REHMAN AND RAHEEM

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

By ENGINEER SARFRAZ AHEER

LAYOUT
LAYOUT/SETTING OUT
The phenomenon of marking the positions of trenches to be excavated for laying
the foundation of building is called as layout/ setting out.

The real meaning and purpose of setting out (layout) is to transfer the plan,
length and width of its foundation on the ground so that the foundation can be
excavated for construction of purposed building as per drawing. 

METHOD OF LAYOUT/SETTING OUT

In this method baseline is marked on the constructing ground either from the road or
from any permanent building nearby.
Fix temporary pegs at both ends and marked by string or cord.
Pegs are set out sufficiently outside the limit of excavation.
Check diagonals of the square or rectangle formed after fixing pegs.
Foundation trenches line is carefully marked on the ground with chalk powder/spray.
Mark the foundation of walls/columns according to drawing on the ground with
the help of centerline marked.
Excavate the foundation of the walls /columns up to required level and the
excavation must be checked with the help of centre line.
Then required nos. of pits/trenches are excavated as per design of project.
Instruments used in layout
Leveling Instrument
Long Nails
Pegs
Stakes
Batter board
Hammer
Right Angle(Guniya)
Steel Tape
Thin Cotton Thread
Lime Powder
Theodolite

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