Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Construction I
1. Site investigation
2. Site Preparation
3. Setting out plan of Foundation
Site Investigation
Site Investigation is the process of collecting
information, assessment of the data and
reporting potential hazards beneath
a site which are unknown.
It is the initial and very important procedure to
be carried out before construction and design
work. It gives us the brief knowledge of the
surrounding and built environment of the site.
They can be categorized as :-
1. Sub- Surface features
a) Geology: - bed rock, land structure
b) Hydrology:- Water table, underground water
level
c) Soil-natural: - deposition of soil, strata of
soil, hardness, softness, study of S.B.C. of soil.
2. Naturals features :-
a) Climate :- precipitation of rainfall, humidity,
solar orientation and shading angle.
b) Vegetation: - presence of plants, forests,
bushes etc.
c) Wildlife: - animal life around the site
d) Hydrology: - rivers, lakes, pond
e) Slope: - counter of land, facing of slope and
direction
3. Man made features:-
a)utilities:-water, drainage, electricity,
telephone lines, etc.
b) Circulation: - the distance of road from the
site.
c) Transit: - junction of roads or pavements.
d)Environment:- surrounding area and
neighborhood.
e) Culture: - neighboring ethics and culture
f) Aesthetics: - presences of symbolic icons,
land trademarks, view from the site.
Site investigation and Purpose
Is the first step, prior to the design and
construction of a structure
Means to collect systematically and record all
the necessary data.
Is specially related to the study of all
neighboring quarries, existing structures,
drainages, streams, well, old pits and nature of
soil at different level/depth and so on.
The purpose of a site investigation is to
identify the ground conditions which might
affect the proposed development. It enables
better understanding of the site and
immediate surroundings, which will enable
safe and economic developments.
Site investigations can be required for both
geotechnical and geo-environmental purposes
and for many projects it would be
advantageous to combine the investigations
with resulting economics in cost, time and site
disruption.
Objectives of Site Investigation
The objective of the site investigation is to
characterize the ground conditions sufficiently
to allow safe and economic design to be
developed and to reduce, as far as possible,
the occurrence and impact of unforeseen
conditions.