Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry
“stochieon” = ___________
“metron” = ____________
 
Stoichiometry is about measuring the amounts of elements and compounds involved
in a reaction.

Consider the chemical equation:

4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
There are several numbers involved.
What do they all mean?
Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
Recall that Chemical formulas represent numbers of atoms

NH3 __ nitrogen and __ hydrogen atoms

O2 __ oxygen atoms

H2O __ hydrogen atoms and __ oxygen atom

NO __ nitrogen atom and __ oxygen atom

Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
Recall that Chemical formulas have molar masses:

NH3 __ g/mol

O2 __ g/mol

H2O __ g/mol

NO __ g/mol
Stoichiometry 4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
Recall that Chemical formulas are balanced with coefficients

4 X NH3 = __ nitrogen + __ hydrogen

5 X O2 = __ oxygen

6 X H2O = __ hydrogen + __ oxygen

4 X NO = __ nitrogen + __ oxygen
Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO

With Stoichiometry we find out that

4:5:6:4
do more than just multiply atoms.

4:5:6:4
Are what we call a ____ ratio.
MOLE TO MOLE
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO

How many moles of H2O are produced if

2.00 moles of O2 are used?
MOLE TO MOLE
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

How many moles of NO are produced in the reaction if 15 mol of

H2O are also produced?
MASS TO MOLE TO MOLE
B2H6 + 3O2  B2O3 + 3H2O

Boron oxide which is used as an additive in glass fibers can be produced from
the diborane, B2H6, based on the reaction above. Compute fo the number of
moles B2O3 produced by reacting 15 grams B2H6 with enough oxygen gas.
MOLE TO MOLE TO MASS
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

How many grams of H2O are produced if 2.2 mol

of NH3 are combined with excess oxygen?
MOLE TO MOLE TO MASS
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

How many grams of O2 are required to

produce 0.3 mol of H2O?
MASS TO MOLE TO MOLE TO MASS
P4 + 6Cl2  4PCl3

Phosphorus trichloride, PCl3, is a toxic compound that is

used as a precursor in the production of different
compounds which has varied applications. Compute for
the mass in grams of PCl3 obtained from 10 grams of P4
MASS TO MOLE TO MOLE TO MASS
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

How many grams of NO is produced if 12 g of O2 is

combined with excess ammonia?
MASS TO MOLE TO MOLE TO MASS
KCl + H2SO4  HCl + K2SO4

The sulfate of potash or potassium sulfate, K2SO4, is generally used in fertilizer

to provide potassium, K, and sulfur, S. The formation of K2SO4 is given above.
If 25.9 g of KCl is used in one reaction, determine the mass of K2SO4 produced.
Have we learned it yet?
Try these on your own - 4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

a) How many moles of H2O can be made using 1.6 mol NH3?

b) what mass of NH3 is needed to make 0.75 mol NO?

c) how many grams of NO can be made from 47 g of NH3?

I. Solve the following problems. Show your solution. Be honest at all times.

1. In the reaction 3CuSO4 + 2Al → Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu, how many moles of copper
will be produced from 2 moles of aluminum? (5 points)

2. In the reaction 2FeBr3 + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3 + 3Br2, how many moles of FeCl3 will be
produced from 6 moles of Cl2? (5 points)

3. From the reaction 4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3, how many grams of iron oxide (Fe2O3)
are produced when 111 grams of iron (Fe) rusts? (5 points)
Quiz 3:
I. Solve the following problems. Show your solution. Balance the equation if
needed. (25 points)
1. From the reaction:
NH3 + O2 → HNO3 + H2O,
how many moles of oxygen gas (O2) are required to react completely
with 68.0 grams of ammonia (NH3)?

2. How many grams of potassium chloride, KCl, are produced if 25.0g of

potassium chlorate, KClO3, decompose?
KClO3 → KCl + O2
3. Acetylene gas (C2H2) is produced as a result of the following reaction.
CaC2(s) + H2O(l)  C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)
If 3.20 moles of CaC2 are consumed in this reaction, how many grams of H2O are
needed?

4. Acetylene gas, C2H2, is used in welding, produces an extremely hot flame when it burns
in pure oxygen according to the following reaction.
C2H2(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)
How many moles of water (H2O) are produced when 25.0 grams of C2H2 burns
completely?
5. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is used in spacecraft to remove exhaled
carbon dioxide from the air. The lithium hydroxide (LiOH) reacts with
carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and water
(H2O). How many grams of carbon dioxide can be absorbed from each
gram of lithium hydroxide (LiOH)? (5 points)

LiOH + CO2 → Li2CO3 + H2O