Start from here

After Boggs, 2006

Nichols, 2009

Deepwater Environment
Dwi Charisah Andriyani (20/467363/PTK/13424)
Scope of Presentation
▪ Sedimentary Mechanism
▪ Main factor controlling sedimentation
▪ Sedimentary Architecture and sub-environment

Sources:

Boggs, Jr., S. 2006. Principle od Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 4 th Edition. Pearson

Prentice Hall.
Posamentier, H.W; Erskine, R.D. 1991. Models for submarine-fan deposition within a
sequences stratigraphic framework. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc
Mulder, Thierry; Alexander, Jan. 2001. The physical character of subaqueous
sedimentary density flows and their deposits. Sedimentology (2001) 48, 269 - 299
Mayyal, Mike; O’Byrne, Ciaran. 2002. Reservoir Prediction and Development Challenges
in Turbidite Slope Channels. Offshore Technology Conference 14029
Nichols, Gary. 2009. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell
Process Sedimentary
Transportation and Depositional Process
1. Pelagic (above CCD line)
2. Hemapelagic
3. Debris flow (1 – 4  mass flow)
4. Turbidite current
5. Contourite  bottom sea current
6. Chemogenic process  authigenesis & dissolution

Mulder and Alexander, 2001

After Boggs, 2006

Sedimentary Mechanism Mass Flow (Debris – Turbidity)

Mass flow

turbidite

Mulder and Alexander, 2001

Morphology
Morphology determined by grain size

Main factor controlling sedimentation in

submarine:
- Rate, type and source of sediment
supply
- Eustasi (sea level fluctuations)
- Regional basin tectonics

Nichols, 2009

Mulder and Alexander, 2001

Submarine fan morphology

Mulder and Alexander, 2001

Submarine depositional - architecture

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Mulder and Alexander, 2001

Summary
Characteristics of deep marine deposits: ANY
• Lithology – mud, sand and gravel, fine-grained limestones
• Mineralogy – arenites may be lithic or arkosic; carbonate & chert QUESTIONS?
• Texture – variable, some turbidites poorly sorted
• Bed geometry – mainly thin sheet beds, except in submarine fan

•
channels
Sedimentary structures – graded turbidite beds with some horizontal
THANK
•
and ripple lamination
Palaeocurrents – bottom structures and ripple lamination in YOU
turbidites show flow direction
• Fossils – pelagic, free swimming and floating organisms
• Color – variable with red pelagic clays, typically dark turbidites and
pale pelagic limestones
• Facies associations – may be overlain or underlain by shelf facies.

Mayyal, 2002