Desirable properties of thermal insulator

It should have very low thermal conductivity

It should be water moisture resistant
The thermal expansion must be almost equal with the
surface covered.

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  non-toxic
 free from vermin and fungus growth.
no bad smell
 free from fire hazard
chemically stable
good surface amiability to take required finish
Affordable cost.
Availability.

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 Commonly used insulating material
glass wool
ploy styrene
glass fibre
silica aero gel
wooden material