PARAPHRASING

FACILITATOR: CHRISTINE D. DAVID

OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson students are expected to:

Paraphrase/explain a text
using one’s own words
PUT THE TEXT IN YOUR OWN WORDS

With your group, put the

sentence in your own words
without changing its meaning.
It is possible to live in
Manila for P10,000 a
month. Obviously, that
doesn’t include food or
lodging.
Vocabulary prompts: possible = can; possible to live =
survive (on); obviously = of course; lodging = shelter,
place to stay
Grammar prompts: Sentence 1 = result. Sentence 2 =
condition. Rewrite the idea using an “if” statement
(conditional).
A good marriage
would be between a
blind wife and a deaf
husband.
Vocabulary prompts: good = happy, ideal; marriage =
marry (v.), married (adj.),
Grammar prompts: (1) Try rewriting the idea using an
“if” statement (conditional).  Subject = result,
prepositional phrase = condition. (2) Try rewriting the
idea using adjective clauses, for example, “a wife who is
blind” or “a wife who cannot see”.
One of my favorite
philosophical tenets is that
people will agree with you only if
they already agree with you. You
do not change people’s minds.
Vocabulary prompts: philosophical tenets = principle,
belief, a philosophy; agree with you = share your
opinion
Grammar prompts: one of my… = a…of mine; Why do
people agree? Explain using “because”.
Symptoms of
influenza include
fever and nasal
congestion.
Deserts cover one fifth
of the surface of the
Earth.
A type of shark called a
sharkfin Mako can leap
20 feet above the surface
of the water.
Root beer was invented
by Edward Adolf Barq
Sr. in Mississippi, in
1898.
Essay: Education is the single
most important factor in the
development of our country.

I agree that education is the single

most important factor in the
development of our country
because…
PARAPHRASE
- Change of words, sentence
structure
Keep the meaning.
your own rendition of essential
information and ideas expressed
by someone else, presented in a
new form.
Paraphrasing Method
Use synonyms
Use words or phrases that mean the
same as those in the original text or try
to make difficult words easier or
businesslike. However, do not change
technical term or proper names.
Essay :Education is the single most
important factor in the
development of our country.
SYNONYMS: Big VS large
Schooling, learning, literacy
Significant, essential, necessary
Aspect, element, component
Advancement, evolution, progression
Nation, state
Original version
Hidden video cameras are
becoming increasingly popular.
Paraphrased version
Hidden video cameras are
becoming ______ popular.
Original version
More than half of the women who
attended the one-day meeting were in
business with their spouses.
Paraphrased version
__________ of the women who_______ to
the one-day meeting were in business
with their ________.
We need to find out what’s wrong.
We need to i________ the p______.

We need to fix the problem.

We need to r_______ the i______.
We need to spend as little as
possible.
We need to m_______ our
e________.

We need to make as much money as

possible.
We need to m_____ our e_______.
 Paraphrasing Method
Change the ideas in which they are
presented
You can rearrange ideas in a
different order as long as they
still make sense.
CHANGE THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE
PLACEMENT OF THE WORDS OR IDEAS
ORDER
VERBS - NOUN – ADJECTIVES

Education is the single most

important factor in the
development of our country.
Education is the single most
important factor in the
development of our country.

____________________________
____________________________
___________________________
 Change the ideas in which they are
presented
Original version
Bangkok is the capital city of
Thailand.
Paraphrased version
 Change the ideas in which they are
presented
Original version
Bangkok is the capital city of Thailand.
Paraphrased version
The capital city of Thailand is Bangkok.
Bangkok is the capital city of Thailand
 Change word forms:
Main verb into a Noun
Original version
One result of playing word,
puzzle, and trivia games is that
they can improve children’s
speech. (verb)
___________________________
 Change word forms:
Main verb into a Noun
Original version
One result of playing word, puzzle, and
trivia games is that they can improve
children’s speech. (verb)
Paraphrased version
The improvement of children’s speech is
one result of playing word, puzzle, and
trivia games. (noun)
 Change word forms:
Noun into a Verb
Original version
Parents should put restrictions on
their children’s use of cell phones.
(noun)
Paraphrased version (verb)
 Change word forms:
Noun into a Verb
Original version
Parents should put restrictions on
their children’s use of cell phones.
(noun)
Paraphrased version (VERB)
 Change word forms:
Noun into a Verb
Original version
Parents should put restrictions on
their children’s use of cell phones.
(noun)
Paraphrased version
Parents should restrict their
children’s use of cell phones. (verb)
 Change from active to passive voice and
vice versa.
ACTIVE VOICE
 When the verb of a sentence is in the active
voice, the subject is doing the acting, as in the
sentence “Kevin hit the ball.” 
PASSIVE VOICE
The noun or noun phrase that would be the
object of an active sentence (such as Our troops
defeated the enemy) appears as the subject of a
sentence or clause in the passive voice
 Change from active to passive voice and
vice versa.
ACTIVE VOICE
 When the verb of a sentence is in the active
voice, the subject is doing the acting, as in the
sentence “Kevin hit the ball.” 
PASSIVE VOICE
The noun or noun phrase that would be the
object of an active sentence (such as Our troops
defeated the enemy) appears as the subject of a
sentence or clause in the passive voice
ACTIVE TO PASSIVE VOICE

The children ate the cake. (Active voice)

The cake was eaten by somebody (Passive Voice)

Stephen King wrote ‘The Stand’.

Tom Miller directed ‘Deadpool’.

Sarah G sang the National Anthem.

Change from active to passive voice.
Original version
Government banned the use of
asbestos in car brake pads more than
ten years ago.
Paraphrased version
 Change from active to passive voice and
vice versa.
Original version
Government banned the use of asbestos
in car brake pads more than ten years
ago.
Paraphrased version
The use of asbestos in car brake pads
was banned by governments more than
ten years ago.
Change from active to passive voice .
Original version
Steven Sasson invented the world’s
first digital camera in 1975.
Paraphrased version
 Change from active to passive voice and
vice versa.
Original version
Steven Sasson invented the world’s
first digital camera in 1975.
Paraphrased version
The first digital camera was invented
by Steve Sasson in 1975.
BECAUSE OF WHAT WE ARE AND WHAT WE
BELIEVE
For every age, there is fate. For some, the past decides,
For this age, The choice must be our own, in this
generation.
Our future in the midst of change,
2. It has been reported that the richest one percent of
Americans own 40% of the country's wealth.

a. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of

Americans.
b. If the gap between rich and poor continues to grow
at the current rate, the richest one percent will soon own
40% of the country's wealth.
c. 40% of the country's wealth is in the hands of only
1% of Americans.
d. 99% of Americans own 40% as much as the richest
1%.
 Change the ideas in which they are
presented
My student’s family doesn’t have much
money so he dropped out of school.
Sally is good at diving but she prefers
soccer.
The jacket didn't fit so I took it back to
the store.
 Activity: Paraphrase the original passage
Cell phone usage has exploded over the past
decade and continues to rise. Today there are
over one billion phone users worldwide.
Concern has arisen over whether cell phone
usage can harm a person’s health. Brain
cancer rates in the United States have risen
since cell phones were introduced, leading
some people to wonder if cell phone usage is
the reason for the increase.
 Assignment: Paraphrase the original
passage
Mobile phone usage has increased sharply over
the past 10 years and continues to grow. Today
there are more than one billion phone users
around the globe. Questions have arisen over
whether cell phone usage can negatively impact a
person’s health. The number of brain cancer
patients in the United States have increased since
cell phones were introduced, leading some people
to wonder if cell phone usage is the cause of the
change.
Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because...

it is better than quoting information from an

undistinguished passage.
it helps you control the temptation to quote too much.
the mental process required for successful
paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of
the original.
Helps prevent Plagiarism