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CHE 471 - Lectures Slides 02 - Pumps Pipes
CHE 471 - Lectures Slides 02 - Pumps Pipes
CHE 471
1
Pumps and Pipes
Power Requirements
Mechanical power must be supplied by the “pump” to
overcome:
Frictional resistance
Changes in elevation
Changes in internal energy (ex., changes in temperature)
Other resistances (ex., valves, flow measuring devices, etc.)
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cont. Introduction to Design
3
correction coefficient to account for use of average velocity:
= 1.0 for turbulent flow
= 0.5 for viscous (laminar) flow
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Note: W = Wo + (energy transmitted to fluid as a result of pump friction or pump inefficiency)
•Total
Mechanical-Energy Balance:
where,
h = enthalpy = u +
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•Friction
The variables that affect amount of frictional losses are:
Velocity of fluid (V)
Density of fluid ()
Re #
Viscosity of fluid ()
Diameter of pipe (D)
Length of pipe (L)
Equivalent roughness of pipe ()
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• To
calculate mechanical energy loss due to friction (F):
Apply Fanning equation:
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Note:
Approximate equations for f :
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const. V, , , and uniform D, the Fanning eq. becomes:
• For
− 𝑑 𝑃𝑓 2
2 𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝐿
Conditions:
𝑑𝐹= ( 𝜌 )
=
𝑔𝑐 𝐷
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Frictional effects due to:
End losses
Fittings
Orifices
Other installations (i.e., valves, unions, tees, …,
etc.): Refer to Table 12-1 (Chapter 12)
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Example:
Estimate the power
requirement of motor to
drive the pump? 70 ft
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
Solution:
We have:
Incompressible fluid
Isothermal flow conditions
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
70 ft
1
NPS = 2-in-diameter steel pipe
Pipe length = 1000 ft
Efficiency of pump = 40%
Flow rate = 50 gpm
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•
Since the linear velocities of the fluid at points and
are “small” set: V2 V1 0.
1 2
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
• Since
P1 = P2 = atmospheric pressure
and 1 = 2 ; constant Temperature
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•To determine
Need to calculate
Friction due to flow through
straight sections of the pipe.
Friction due to fittings:
3-90 elbows
2-Gate valves
Other frictions:
1-Contraction
1-Expansion (or enlargement)
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•First,
find:
= (1.12 cP)
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•First,
find:
m = (1.12 cP)
= 0.000753 lbm/ft.sec
= 62.3 lbm/ft3
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•
= 4.78 ft/sec
1/ (Cross-sectional area)
Flow
Rate
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•
Re = 68,000
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•Need:
?? Refer to Moody Plot
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f
0.0057
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
F=
(47.0 + 0.9)
Straight
Fst. pipe+fittings =
Pipe
Fittings
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•Friction
due to contraction at point 1
where,
Assuming
Then, Kc = 0.5
Since we have turbulent flow (Re = 68,000), then =1
•Friction
due to enlargement at point 2
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•Now,
back to the total mechanical energy balance:
Theoretical Power
Requirement (per lbm) 35
cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
theoretical power = Wo Q
•Total
= 1.49 hp
Using the 40% efficiency of the pump:
Actual power requirement =
Recommend a 4.0 hp motor for this pump.
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Capacity, gal/min
50 gpm
60%
32%
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
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4 hp
≅𝟖𝟒%
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cont. Example: Pump Power Calculations
•\ Motor
efficiency ~ 84%
=
40