ITS 302

DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING II

 Can you imagine if we lose all communication applications like
messenger, Gmail, Skype, calls and texts etc. and would be gone for
good? What would become our means of communication? How will
we be able to contact our families and friends outside the country?
Now, your task is to write the importance of having communication
applications.
APPLICATION LAYER

Application Layer is seven-layer of OSI model and uses a software

application to communicate with the user and other users' applications.
Examples of software applications are a web browser, email, etc. At this
layer where the communication is started and helps to transmit data.
There are also protocols in this layer
APPLICATION LAYER
 DNS
PRESENTAION LAYER
 SMTP
SESSION LAYER
 POP
TRANSPORT LAYER
 FTP
NETWORK LAYER
 HTTP
DATA LINK LAYER

PHYSICAL LAYER
 PEER TO PEER, the peer are device is connected one
device or more device using the Internet and can share a file
without a central server. Example, PC is connected to other
PC or PC to Mobile Phone.

Peer to Peer
 A Client-server is created for the clients, to
request a video collection, songs, files, or any
services from the server

Client-Server
Communication
Methods in client-server that communicate:
o RPC
An RPC is a communication system used for client-server applications. When the
client sends a request to the server, the server will send back the client's requests,
but the client is blocked while the server processes the client request, it will
resume until the request is done.
o Sockets
In the model on the next slide, the server opens a socket using a port and waits for
the client's request. On the other side, the client also opens a socket, but the client
will send requests instead of receiving requests.
Application Protocol
Application protocols are divided into categories which use for users.
 Protocols used by the users. Example e-mail, Gmail, Web Browser
 A set of rules that support protocols used by the users. An example are
the DNS, FTP etc.
Here are some application layer protocols:
 DNS
 SMTP
 FTP
 POP
 HTTP
 DNS stands for Domain Name System is similar to a phone directory.
We can access data or information using domain names, for example,
wikipedia.org, tutorialspoint.com, etc. Web browsers like Google Chore,
Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, etc. communicate into Internet Protocol
Address. DNS converts Domain Name to Internet Protocol Address so Web
Browsers

Domain Name System (DNS)

 SMP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is a set of rules
used in sending email across the internet. An e-mail like yahoo mail, Gmail,
outlook, etc. uses a simple mail transfer protocol to transmit a message to
the mail server.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(SMTP)
 FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol is a protocol in the computer for
transmitting files from one place to other devices through the internet.
Business use FTP to transmit files from one device to another device or
websites use FTP to download files or upload files from websites.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

 POP stands for Post Office Protocol is a set of protocols that
retrieves mail from the mail server. When the user retrieves an email to the
mail server the TCP port will open a connection. The user can download
his email to his device.

Post Office Protocol (POP)

 HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a set of protocols
used to transmit information into the World Wide Web. When you visit a
web page, your device used HTTP to display the web page to your device.

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

(HTTP)
NETWORKS SERVICE
Network Services help us to search the unimaginable and help us to work
effectively. When these technologies link to each other in a form of a network
system, the abilities are improved in terms of retrieving information in the World
Wide Web. There are different types of network service, some are listed bellow:
Directory Services
Files Services
Communication Services
Application Services
 Directory services are a system that organized, store, and gives
access to the information in order to unite network resources.
 Accounting
 Authentication and Authorization
 Domain Name Services

Directory Services
 File Services is a set of rules that work on the Ethernet and gives
help for accessing the file, file sharing and file transferring.

 File Transfer

 File Sharing

Files Services
 Access Email
 Internet Chat
 Discussion Boards
 Social Networking
 Email

Communication Services
 It gives network-based services to clients such as
database management, resource sharing, and web services.

 Resource Sharing

 Databases

 Web Services

Application Services
**END**