Fundamentals of Chemical

Engineering Process
Equipment Design
Dr. Omar Mustafa Al-Kubaisi
What is meaning of Process design?

Process Design Establishes the Process Design Summarized by the

following: Following:
the sequence of chemical and physical
operations

Process flow Material &

operating conditions
sheet energy balance
the duties, major specifications, and
materials of construction

the general arrangement of equipment

needed to ensure proper functioning of the
Set of individual
plant equipment
line sizes; and principal instrumentation specification
Equipment has two main categories:
Proprietary equipment
• designed by the manufacturer to
meet performance specifications
made by the user
Custom design
• needed for many aspects of
chemical reactors, most
vessels,multistage separators such
as fractionators, and other special
equipment not amenable to
complete standardization.
Design basis
Specific Basic
design design
data data

Needed
Data
Specific Design
Data
 • Available raw materials
• Required products
• Steam and condensate
• Plant site elevation
• Compressed air:
• Electrical power
• Soil bearing value, frost depth, ground water depth,

Specific
piling requirements, available
• Climatic data
• Blowdown and flare
• Pipe racks: elevations, grouping, coding.

Data
• Battery limit pressures and temperatures
• Codes
• Miscellaneous
Lecture 2

Process layout
Plant design is made up of:

Words Numbers Pictures

Material Balance
block diagram
Material Balance Representation
Input
Input 2
1
Input
3

Output
Why we need
different kinds
of
flowsheets…
Block
flowsheets
Block flowsheets
A block diagram is the simplest form of flow diagram. Each block can
represent a single piece of equipment or a complete stage in the
process. Block diagrams are useful for showing simple processes. For
complex processes, their uses is limited to showing the over all
process, broken down into principal stages.
Process
flowsheets
Process flowsheets

• Process flowsheets embody the material and

energy balances between and the sizing of the
major equipment of the plant. They include all
vessels such as reactors, separators, and drums;
special processing equipment, heat exchangers,
pumps, and so on. Numerical data include flow
quantities, compositions, pressures,
temperatures, and so on
Mechanical
(P&l)
flowsheets
Mechanical
(P&l) flowsheets
• Mechanical flowsheets also are
called piping and instrument
(P&I)diagrams to emphasize two
of their major characteristics.
What should include …..

All process All valves: control

equipment identified All pipes identified and block valves,
by an equipment by a line number with identification
number. number

All control loops and

Ancillarry fittings Pumps are identified
instruments, with an
that are a part of the by a suitable code
identification
piping system. number
number.
Utility
flowsheets
• These are P&I diagrams for individual
utilities such as steam, steam condensate,
cooling water, heat transfer media in
general compressed air, fuel, refrigerants,
and inert blanketing gases, and how they
are piped up to the process equipment.
Connections for utility streams are shown
on the mechanical flowsheet, and their
conditions and flow quantities usually
appear on the process flowsheet.
Drawing
flowsheets
 Equipment
symbols used
for drawing
flowsheets
Letter
Designation of
Equipment
Operating
condition in
typical units