CANCER

PREVENTION &
SURVIVAL

DR. S MAHMUD MISHU BDS MPH

CORE FACULTY
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND LIFE
SCIENCE
NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY
 What is Cancer?

Cancer is a fatal
disease
characterized by
abnormal cell
growth &
multiplication
which invade,
erode & destroy
normal cells The picture shows the abnormal growth
of cell.
Cancer develops through gradual changes
in cell morphology and properties

benign tumor

malignant tumor
 Introduction:
The 6 Superpowers
 Introduction:
The 6 Superpowers
Cancer Cell Normal Cell

1
GO

STOP

SLOW

1. Most cells wait for a ‘Go signal before

dividing. Cancer cells don’t bother waiting…
they produce their own ‘Go’ chemical
messages and continue dividing.
 Introduction:
The 6 Superpowers
Cancer Cell Normal Cell

1
GO

2
STOP

SLOW

2. Even if the neighbouring cells produce a

‘Stop’ signal, cancer cells override these
signals and continue dividing.
 Introduction:
The 6 Superpowers
Cancer Cell Normal Cell

1
GO

2
STOP Apoptosis

3
SLOW

3. Normal cells sometimes react to stress by

triggering a ‘Self Destruct’ button and
killing itself, but cancer cells sneak past
these self destruct signals and continue to
divide, thus accumulating more
mutations.
 Introduction:
The 6 Superpowers
Cancer Cell Normal Cell

1
GO

2
STOP Apoptosis

3
SLOW

4. Cancer cells make sure they can keep

4 Food Supply dividing by stimulating the growth of new
blood vessels to keep their nutrient supply
lines open.
 Introduction:
The 6 Superpowers
Cancer Cell Normal Cell

1
GO

2
STOP Apoptosis

3
SLOW

5. One of the key superpowers is immortality.

4 Food Supply Unlike normal cells which have a finite life
span, cancer cells manipulate their own DNA
5 Immortality (via repetitive DNA sequences called
telomeres) to keep dividing for a lot longer.
 Introduction:
The 6 Superpowers
Cancer Cell Normal Cell

1
GO

2
STOP Apoptosis

3
SLOW

6. Most tumours that show these traits are

4 Food Supply trouble, but the lethal nature of cancer is due
to its ability to spread to other location or
5 Immortality metastasize. 90% of cancer deaths are due
to metastasis.
6 Metastasis
C O M M O S I T E O F C A N C E
N S R
 How Does Cancer Spread?
– All cancers start because of uncontrolled growth and spread
of
abnormal cells.
– There are over 100 different forms of cancer.

– Cancer is caused by both external and internal factors which may

act
together to initiate promote the disease:
External factors: chemicals, radiation, viruses and lifestyle.
Internal factors: hormones, immune condition, inherited
mutations.
–
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the developed world:
–
1 in 4 deaths are due to cancer.
METASTASIS

Primary = the site where the

malignant neoplasm
arises eg. breast,
stomach.
Secondary = metastasis eg. breast
carcinoma that has
spread to another organ.
 – Lymphatic
WHAT ARE THE ROUTES – Blood vessels
OF METASTASIS? – Coeliac spaces
The factors which promote the risk

of Cancer are:
– Being overweight or obese
– Intake of salt-preserved foods

– Arsenic in drinking water

– Alcoholic drinks
– Cantonese-style salted fish
– Processed meat
– Red meat
– HyperGlycaemia load
– Beta-Carotene supplements
How Cancer is Promoted?
Early Detection of Cancer & Treatment

Early detection of cancer greatly

increases the chances for successful

Modalities of Treatment:
treatment. There are two major
components of early detection of 1. Surgery
cancer: education to promote early 2. Radiotherapy
diagnosis and screening (Cancer 3. Chemotherapy
screening examinations are medical 4. Immunotherapy
tests
5. Hormone therapy
performed when you are healthy).
6. Gene therapy
Diagnosis:
7. Cancer-specific
1. Screening immune system
2. Self examinations cells
to treat cancer
3. Biopsy
4. X-rays, Ct scans, MRI scans, PET
scans, Ultrasound scans
5. Molecular diagnostic test
Foods and other activities that help to
decrease the risk of cancer are:

– Non-starchy vegetables

– Fruits
– Garlic
– Coffee
– Diets high in calcium
– Dietary Fibre
– Breastfeeding
– Physical Activity
2/3 of all cancers may b prevented
e by:
– Avoiding tobacco.
– Avoiding/limiting alcohol consumption.
– Eating adequate fruits and vegetables
daily.
– Knowing family medical history of
cancer
– & get regular cancer screenings.
– Limiting exposure to sun/radiation.
Get immunized (HPV & Hepatitis
– vaccines).
Maintaining healthy diet & weight
– throughout life, physically active.
Practice safer sex and avoid risky
The best way to serve is to
manifest it by actions
- St. Gregory

– Thank you.