Chapter 8 Coordinate Geometry and Trigonometry

8.3

MATHPOWERTM 11, WESTERN EDITION 8.3.1

Slope y-Intercept Form of the Equation - a Review
y = mx + b

SLOPE Y-INTERCEPT
Find the slope of the line, given the equation
3x - 5y + 10 = 0.
3x - 5y + 10 = 0 3
-5y = -3x - 10 m
3 5
y  x2
5
Find the slope of a line parallel 3
to 3x - 5y + 10 = 0. m
5
Find the slope of a line perpendicular 5
m
to 3x - 5y + 10 = 0. 3 8.3.2
 Finding the Equation of a Line - a Review
Write the equation of the line perpendicular to the line
4x - 3y + 9 = 0 and passing through the point A(3, 5).
4x - 3y + 9 = 0 The slope of a line
-3y = -4x - 9 perpendicular to
4 4x - 3y + 9 = 0 is
y  x3
3 3
m .
4
y - y1 = m(x - x1)
3
y  5   (x  3)
4
The equation of the
4y - 20 = -3(x - 3) line is 3x + 4y - 29 = 0.
4y - 20 = -3x + 9
3x + 4y - 29 = 0 8.3.3
 Finding the Shortest Distance
Determine the shortest distance from the
origin to the line y = 3x - 10.
y = 3x - 10

(0, 0)
O The shortest distance
is the perpendicular
A distance OA.
To find the length OA, you first must find the coordinates
of A. Note the lines intersect at A, therefore if you find the
equation of OA and then solve the system, the result will be
the coordinates of point A.
8.3.4
Finding the Shortest Distance [cont’d]
Find the equation of OA. Because OA 1
is perpendicular
to y = 3x – 10, the slope of OA is  3 .
Recall that OA passes through (0, 0).
y - y1 = m(x - x1) Now you have two equations in
1
y  0   (x  0)
two variables. Solve the system.
3
y = 3x - 10 3x - y = 10
3y = -x
x + 3y = 0 3x - y = 10 3x - y = 10
x + 3y = 0 3x + 9y = 0
-10y = 10
The coordinates of y = -1
point A are (3, -1). x=3
8.3.5
Finding the Shortest Distance [cont’d]
Use the distance formula to find the length
of line segment O (0, 0) A(3, -1).

0
-1
3x
dOA  (x2  x1 )2  (y2  y1 ) 2
y=

(0, 0)
O 2
= (3 - 0)  (1  0) 2

A(3, -1) = 10
= 3.16

The shortest distance from the origin to

the line y = 3x - 10 is 3.16 units.
8.3.6
 Finding the Intercepts - A Review
Find the x- and y-intercepts given the equation
4x + 6y - 12 = 0.
y-intercept x = 0 x-intercept y = 0
4(0) + 6y - 12 = 0 4x + 6(0) - 12 = 0
6y = 12 4x = 12
y=2 x=3
The y-intercept is The x-intercept is
the point (0, 2). the point (3, 0).
Recall that, when an equation is in the form y = mx + b,
the b value is the y-intercept. Therefore, in the equation
4x + 6y - 12 = 0, the y-intercept is 2 because:
4x + 6y - 12 = 0
2
y  x 2
3 8.3.7
 Vertical, Horizontal and Shortest Distances
The equations of two lines are y = -3x + 4 and y = -3x - 2.
Find the vertical distance, the horizontal distance, and
the shortest distance between the two lines.
Shortest
Distance Vertical Distance

Horizontal Distance

y = -3x + 4
y = -3x -2 8.3.8
 Finding Horizontal and Vertical Distances
To find the vertical distance, find the difference
between the two y-intercepts.
y = -3x + 4 y-intercept is 4 Vertical distance:
y = -3x - 2 y-intercept is -2 | 4 - (-2) | = 6 units

To find the horizontal distance, find the difference

between the two x-intercepts.
4
y = -3x + 4 x-intercept 0 = -3x + 4 x .
3
2
y = -3x - 2 x-intercept 0 = -3x - 2 x .
3

Horizontal distance:
4  2  6
     2 units
3 3 3 8.3.9
Finding the Shortest Distance
Using either line, choose a point,
preferably the y-intercept.
A(0, 4)
Use the point (0, 4) and the
perpendicular slope of
y = -3x + 4, to find the
equation of the shortest
line.

Solve the system made

up of the equation of
the shortest line y = -3x - 2,
and the equation of the
second line, to find the point y = -3x + 4
of intersection, point B. y = -3x -2
Then, find the distance AB. 8.3.10
Finding the Shortest Distance [cont’d]

1. From the first line of y = -3x + 4,

choose the y-intercept A(0, 4).
2. Draw a perpendicular to y = -3x + 4, through the
point (0, 4). The perpendicular will intersect the
second line of y = -3x - 2 at a point B(x, y).
3. Find the slope of the line perpendicular to y = -3x + 4.
1
m
3
4. Find the equation of the perpendicular. Use the
slope/one-point equation.
1 1
m y - y1 = m(x - x1) y  4   x  0
3 3
point (0, 4) 3y - 12 = x
8.3.11 x - 3y + 12 = 0
Finding the Shortest Distance [cont’d]
5. Using the two equations that have their intersection at
point B, y = -3x - 2 and x - 3y + 12 = 0, solve the system
to find the coordinates of B.
Solve the system: x - 3y = -12
x - 3y = -12 9x + 3y = -6
3x + y = -2 10 x = -18
9 17
x y
5 5

The coordinates of B
are  9 17 
 ,
 5 5 .
8.3.12
Finding the Shortest Distance [cont’d]
 9 17 
Find the distance from A(0, 4) to B , .
5 5
(x2  x1 )2  (y2  y1 )2
-9 17
= ( - 0)  (  4)2
2

5 5
81 9 Therefore, the shortest
= 
25 25 distance is 1.9 units.
90
=
25
3 10
=
5
= 1.9
8.3.13
Suggested Questions:
Pages 475 and 476
1, 4, 8, 10, 13,
17, 19, 20, 27, 31,
38, 42, 49, 51, 57ab 8.3.14