Health Safety Environment PDPU

Since It Burns

?
Oil & Gas As It Burns
Burns

It is Risky To Handle
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Safety
Environment
Health
Health Health
Environment
Safety Safety
Environment

HSE SHE EHS

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Oil Spill

May Destroy the Environment

if
Oil & Gas is not Handled with care
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Pollution After Bruncefield Oil Depot

Fire on 11th December 2005
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Occupational Health

Minimise the Effect of

Your Occupation
on the Health
of You
& The People Around You

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Flixborough(UK) Disaster

June 1st 1974

Killed 28
Seriously injured 36

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Background
The chemical plant, producing caprolactam, a
precursor chemical used in the manufacture of nylon
was in operation since 1967.
The process involved oxidation of cyclohexane with air
in a series of six reactors to produce a mixture of
cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone
Two months prior to the explosion, a crack was
discovered in the number 5 reactor. It was decided to
install a temporary 50 cm (20 inch) diameter pipe to
bypass the leaking reactor to allow continued operation
of the plant while repairs were made.
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B.Tech 6th SEM
At 16:53 on Saturday 1 June 1974 PDPU

The temporary bypass pipe (containing cyclohexane at 150°C (302°F)

and 1 MPa) ruptured, possibly as a result of a fire on a nearby 8 inch
(20 cm) pipe which had been burning for nearly an hour.

Within a minute, about 40 tonnes of the plant's 400 tonne store of

cyclohexane leaked from the pipe and formed a vapour cloud 100–
200 metres (320-650 feet) in diameter.

The cloud, on coming in contact with an ignition source (probably a

furnace at a nearby hydrogen production plant) exploded, completely
destroying the plant. Around 1,800 buildings within a mile radius of
the site were damaged.
The fuel-air explosion was estimated to be equivalent to
60 gigajoules
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Aftermath

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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The Night of 2nd December 1984.  
Massive Discharge of A Chemical Took
Place
at Union Carbide's Factory
About one-third of the town's total population of 800,000 were
afflicted.
at Bhopal

About 100,000 of these received some kind of medical

treatment, about 50,000 were hospitalized
and about 2,500 received lethal injuries.
In addition, about 7,000 animals were Affected
of which about one thousand were killed.
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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The Accident
The accident started when a tank
containing methylisocyanate (MIC)
started to leak.
MIC is an extremely reactive chemical
and is used in production of the
insecticide carbaryl.
MIC (CH3NCO) is a volatile fluid
The reason for the accident at Bhopal is assumed to have
been that water entered the tank where about 40 m3 MIC
was stored.  This depended on a combination of the
human factor and
incorrectly designed safety system
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Chernobyl - Russia
26 April 1986 at 01:23:40 a.m.

Reactor number four at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power

Plant exploded.
Further explosions and the resulting fire sent a plume of
highly radioactive fallout into the atmosphere and over
an extensive geographical area.
The explosion and fire threw into the air not just the
particles of the nuclear fuel
but also far more dangerous radioactive elements like
caesium-137, iodine-131, strontium-90 and other
radio nuclides.

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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The Effect

Chernobyl", was the

worst nuclear power
plant accident in history

56 direct deaths
(47 accident workers, and nine children with thyroid cancer),
and estimated that there may be
4,000 extra deaths due to cancer among the approximately
600,000 most highly exposed and 5,000 among the 6 million
living nearby.
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Piper Alpha Disaster - 6 July
1988

In November 1990 Lord Cullen's report into

the disaster severely criticised safety
procedures on the rig

killed 167 of the 226 men on board.

Many of the oil workers leapt 100ft (30m) into the sea to escape
the fire and toxic fumes, despite being told their jump would
almost certainly be fatal

Most of the victims suffocated in toxic fumes, which

developed after a gas leak set off the blasts and sparked
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fire 6 SEM
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BHN Accident July 27th 2005

Loss of Property
11 Dead About US $ 350 Mn
11 Missing

Survived 362

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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B.Tech 6th SEM

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B.Tech 6th SEM

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Health Safety & Environment
no accident, no harm to people,
Goal/Objectives: no damage to environment and
no loss to physical assets

HSE behavior: doing the job in right way

HSE Way:
no work is so important that it can not be done safely.
always think before action.
identify hazards so as to prevent accidents.
do not take chances. If you do not know, ‘ASK’.

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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HSE management
Review &
Monitoring Do

Plan HSE Management Check

HSE Practices
System Act
Sustained Quality
Standards, Statutes, Guidelines output
PD CA
HSE Management
•Plan:
Design or revise process components to improve results
•Do:
Implement the plan and measure its performance
•Check:
Assess the measurements and report the results to decision makers
•Act:
Decide on changes needed to improve the process
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Components of Risk Management

B.Tech 6th SEM

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Workplace risk reduction :

•Engineering Controls

•Administrative controls

•Operating procedures and practices

•Personnel protective equipment

•Emergency preparedness

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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Key elements of a good HSE Management
HSE Information
Hazard Identification and Analysis
Operating Procedures
Safe Work Practices Management of Change
Pre-start up Safety Review
Assurance of integrity of safety critical systems
PPE Policy, Standards & Practices
Environment Practices
Emergency Response & Control
Occupational Health Monitoring & Care
Contractor Safety
Training
Accident / Incident reporting , investigation & analysis
HSE Audit
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B.Tech 6th SEM
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Proposed Coverage
•Introduction to HSE
•Concept of LOPA
•Process Safety (API RP 14C & relevant OISD Standards)
•Fire Protection NFPA,API RP 14G, OISD Standards
•Safe Work Practices
•Safe work procedures : PTW, SIMOPS, MOC, LOTO, JSA, TBT
•Electrical safety in Hazardous location : IE Rules, OISD 137, API RP 14F, API
RP 500
•PHA: HAZID, HAZOP, & Risk Analysis
•HAZMATs
•PPE & LSA, OH Considerations
•Safety Management System (API RP 75, OISD 206, OGP , IADC, IAGC)
•Mines Act & OMR
•Marine Safety : SOLAS / Merchant shipping Act/UKOOA/IMCA/ISM Code
•Concept of COMAH & Safety case Regulation
•Asset Integrity: FMEA, BT Diagrams SIL Studies
•Audits/inspection
•Accident Investigation
•Emergency Response Preparedness

25 12/8/21
B.Tech 6th SEM