METAL-CERAMIC RESTORATIONS I

CERAM I CS

Inorganic, non-metallic m a n -
m a d e solid o b j e c t s f o r m e d
b y baking n a t u r a l l y
o c c u r r i n g m i n e r a l s a t high
temperature

They a r e beautiful,
brittle and t he y break
 DENTURE TEETH
(WHITEWARE CERAMICS)
 RAW MATERIALS FOR
WHITEWARE CERAMICS

3
Quartz

3
Feldspar 4 Clay
 RAW MATERIALS FOR T R A D I T I O N A L
WHITEWARE CERAMICS

F e l d s p a r : Rn O . Al 2 O 3 . 6SiO2 (R = Na, K, Ca)

Q u a r t z : SiO2

Clay: Al 2 O 3 . 2SiO2 . xH 2 O
RAW MATERIALS FOR T R A D I T I O N A L
WHITEWARE CERAMICS
FELDSPATHIC PORCELAIN FOR PFMS
 FELDSPATHIC PORCELAIN FOR PFMS
 Feldspar: (crystalline m a t e r i a l )
K n O . Al 2 O 3 . 6SiO2 aka: “ O r t h o c l a s e ”

 Glass: ( a m o r p h o u s m a t e r i a l ) c o n t a i n s SiO2, Al2O3,

Na 2 O, CaO, Li 2 O

 O p a c i f i e r s : t i n oxide, t i t a n i u m o x i d e

 Pigments: m e t a l and r a r e e a r t h oxides

 F l u o r e s c e n t agents: c e r i u m and d y s p r o s i m t oxides

PORCELAIN C O M P O S I T I O N
PROCESSING OF P F M RESTORATIONS
CROSS SECTION OF A METAL-CERAMIC
RESTORATION
 INGREDIENTS I N METAL TO PROMOTE
BOND TO PORCELAIN
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• O X I D E LAYER
O X I D I Z I N G OVEN
O X I D I Z E D SURFACE LAYER OF
HIGH NOBLE ALLOY
 SINTERING

Sintering: Initial Stage (Particles Touching)

 SINTERING

Sintering: Necking Stage (Particles Fusing Together)

 SINTERING

Sintering: Densification Stage (Minimum Porosity Content)

SINTERING

Sintering: Fully Densified

SINTERING
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Room Temp
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Heating
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Heating
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Heating
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Heating
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Heating
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Cooling
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Cooling
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Cooling
 BAKING PORCELAIN ON METAL

Room Temp
 C O E F F I C I E N T OF THERMAL EXPANSION

I n o r d e r t o p u t t h e p o r c e l a in into c o m p r e s s i o n :
CTE o f t h e p o r c e l a i n m u s t b e s l i g h t l y l e s s t h a n CTE o f t h e m e t a l

CTE p o r c e l a i n < CTE m e t a l