Types of

Communicative
Strategy
SPEECH
 A Communication strategy is a plan of action
or a technique that a communicator uses in
order to help make the communication process
successful. There are many different
communication strategies, among which are
nomination, restriction, turn-taking, topic
control, topic shifting, repair, and termination.
a. Nomination – This involves
the opening and establishing of
a topic in a conversation.

b. Restriction – This involves

limiting what the participants
can contribute to the
conversation or discussion.
the process in which a
participant stops speaking and
yields the floor to another
participant so that he or she can
speak.

d. Topic control – This occurs

when the main or assigned
speaker manipulates the
discussion in order to maintain
its flow without moving away
from or changing the topic.
e. Topic shifting – This occurs
when one intentionally or
unintentionally changes the
direction of the flow of ideas in a
conversation.

f. Repair – This refers to the act

of fixing the violations in a
communication situation.

g. Termination – This refers to

the act of ending a conversation.
Nomination refers to the act in which the speaker opens
and establishes a topic in the conversation or discussion.
Restriction, on the other hand, refers to the act of limiting
what the participants can contribute to the conversation or
discussion.
 NOMINATION
I was late for work again! The train stopped
midway. What application or software do you
think can we propose to help the commuters
with this?

RESTRICTION
They say that the new breed of cars these days
have poorer quality over those released fifty
years ago. Only stupid thinks that, right?
There are two types of topics:

1. The sentence topic, which is sometimes called

sentential topic, refers to the main idea or focus of a
sentence.
2. The discourse topic refers to the topic of the
conversation as a whole.
process. There must always be a
sender and a receiver, and they
must exchange roles so the initial
receiver can give feedback in
return.

Turn refers to the opportunity

given to a speaker to talk,
whereas turn-taking is a process
in which a participant stops
speaking and yields the floor to
another participant so he or she
can speak.
 There are three turn-taking acts: keep-turn, release-turn, and take
turn.
a. Keep-turn: suggests that a speaker must not stop until he fulfills
his purpose in a conversation.
b. Release-turn: suggests that a speaker is finished talking and is
ready to yield the floor to another person to take his or her turn. He
or she may use signals or pauses in a conversation.
c. Take-turn: suggests that another participant can take the role of
the speaker.
Alfred was asked to do run statistical techniques for a correlational
research, he has all the knowledge but he is quite nervous for it is his
first correlational research. He consulted his best friend, a fellow
statistician.

Alfred: Hi Marby! I need your help. I have this research and it is a

correlational design between two variables. I was thinking if I should
run an ANNOVA or a Chi-Square and T-Test would be better since the
IV is gender and the DV is written communication which was through
essays. Can I come over and have this discussed with you? What do
you think?

Marby: No worries, I did a number correlational researches before so I

think I might be able to help you. Give me a date and I will make
myself available.

Alfred: Thank you! I really appreciate it.

A communicative strategy used to control and
prevent unnecessary interruptions and topic
shifts in a certain conversation is called Topic
control.

It is sticking to the topic throughout the

discussion. This occurs when the main or
assigned speaker manipulates the discussion in
order to maintain its flow without moving
away from or changing the topic.
Susan Cantrell: Let’s discuss how physicians are warming to the idea of
working alongside pharmacists in their practice settings. Let’s focus on
the fact that not only are they warming to it, many physicians are
carving out a pharmaceutical piece of part of their risk-sharing
agreements

Lucinda Maine: As physicians need to meet expectations around

quality-based metrics, they are finding they can move those quality
needles when a pharmacist provides MTM.

Susan Cantrell: As I was saying, we are seeing a trend where

physicians are trying to integrate pharmacists and medication
management to achieve good outcomes.
Topic Shifting as the name
suggests, involves moving from
one topic to another. In other
words, it is where one part of a
conversation ends and another
begins.

This occurs when one

intentionally or unintentionally
changes the direction of the
flow of ideas in a conversation.
 There are two ways to shift a topic: speaking topically and
speaking on the topic.
*Speaking topically - occurs when the listener concentrates on
some phrases from the last statement mentioned by the speaker. The
idea develops and sticks within the context of the situation.
*Speaking on the topic - occurs when the listener concentrates on a
word, but the newly introduced idea may not be related to the
context of the topic.
 Speaking on the topic
An aeronautical engineer named Space asked her friend, “What are
your thoughts on The Space Shuttle Program which amounts to
$209,000,000,000 making it the most expensive space project in
history?” Her friend then answered by stating that she had read an
article which featured information about the possible relaunch of a
spacecraft named after Apollo which also happens to be the second
most expensive space project in history . The response was still related
to the topic but it was out of context.

Phin, a marine engineer mentioned to Ark that she had some

Speaking
difficulties in getting their topically
chief supervisor to approve her proposed
design for a sea vessel which will be funded by the government. Ark
then asked her what those difficulties were. Although Ark shifted the
conversation to a new topic by asking Phin about her difficulties, her
statement was still relevant to the topic.
Repair refers to how a speaker addresses
the violations or problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending that they
may encounter in a conversation. On
the other hand,

Termination refers to the conversation

participants’ close-initiating expressions
that end a topic in a conversation.
 TERMINATION
1. “Best regards to your fellow scientists, see you around!” 2. “That is
all for today’s experiment, goodbye!”

REPAIR
1. “Excuse me, but Apple iPhone first become available in 2007 and
not late 1900s.”
2. “I’m sorry, the word should be pronounced as ‘ping’, not PNG.”
ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES