Explain the properties of solids, liquids,

and gases based on the particle nature

of matter.
How would you describe yourself so that
someone else could identify you?
 On a separate sheet of paper, write as many
physical descriptions of yourself as you can.

 Do not put your NAME on the paper.

 The challenge is your classmates will try to

guess who is being described in the paper.
Matter:
It’s what the world is made of.
What is matter?

 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

What do you know about matter?

Solids Gases
Liquids Plasma
Solids
 Solidshave definite shape
and definite volume.
 Solids have mass.
 Solids take up space.
 Rigid and compact
 Does not flow
 Cannot be compressed

Read more!
Particles in Solids:

 Are packed tightly

together

 Have very little energy

 Vibrate in place
Liquids

 Liquidstake the shape of their

container and have definite
volume.
 No definite shape
 Liquids have mass.
 Liquids take up space.
 Flow and diffuse easily
 Nearly compressible
Particles in Liquids:

 Are loosely packed

 Have medium energy levels
 Particles flow around each
other
 Gases
 Gasesspread out to fill the
entire space given and do
not have definite volume
and shape
 Gases have mass.
 Gases take up space.
 Compressible
Particles in Gases:

 Move freely

 Have LOTS of energy

Plasma

 Lightning is a plasma.
 Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.
 Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles
are electrically
charged.
Particles in Plasma:

 Are electrically charged

 HaveEXTREMELY high
energy levels
STATES of matter?

What would it take for matter to move

from one state to another?
Energy determines the state!
Add or Subtract Energy. . .

When energy is added, particles move faster!

When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

What will happen? Why?
Solid + Energy = ?

 When energy is added to

solids, they become liquids!

 Examples?
Liquid + Energy = ?

 When energy is added to

liquids, they become gases!

 What examples can you

think of?
Changing States

 There are several names for matter changing states:

 State change

 Phase change

 Physical change
So, did we get something new?

Ice cream and melted ice cream?

Chocolate and melted chocolate?
Ice, water, and water vapor?
Steel and molten steel?
Review Questions

1. What state of matter has definite volume

and definite shape?
2. Describe the properties of liquids.
3. Describe the differences between gases
and plasma.
4. What is needed for states of matter to
change phase?
Matter can also be classified based on
its composition:
 Classifying Matter:
Elements, Compounds,
and Mixtures
Pure Substances
A sample of matter that has definite
chemical and physical properties.
Elements
 pure substance that cannot be separated into
simpler substance by physical or chemical means.
Compounds

Pure substance composed of two or more different

elements joined by chemical bonds.

 Made of elements in a specific ratio

that is always the same
 Has a chemical formula
 Can only be separated by
chemical means, not physically
Mixtures

 A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically

combined.
 substances held together by physical forces, not chemical
 No chemical change takes place
 Each item retains its properties
in the mixture
 They can be separated physically

Chem4kids.com
Mixtures vs. Compounds

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml
Can you identify the following?

You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo represents an

item composed of an element, compound, or mixture.
Review:
 An element contains just one type of atom.
 A compound contains two or more different atoms joined together.
 A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only
physically joined together, not chemically.
 A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Rocks
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salt
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Sand
Notes

 Detailed notes are located at:

http://www.middleschoolscience.com/elements-compounds-mixtures-notes-isn.
pdf

 Flow Chart:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/matter-flow-chart-isn.pdf