POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGG.

JAIPUR

Presentation on
MILITARY RADAR

PRESENTED BY-
SUBMITTED TO: MAHESH KUMAR
Mr. Durgesh kumar
Mr. Gaurav Soni
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Contents:
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 FEATURES & BENIFITS
 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
 TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONS
 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAG.
 LPI
 ANTENNA & LANDMINES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

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What is Radar?

 RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is a way to

detect and study far off targets by transmitting a radio
pulse in the direction of the target and observing the
reflection of the wave.
RADAR
RAdio Detection And Ranging
Antenna
Propagation

Target
Cross
Section
Reflected
Transmitted Pulse
Pulse (“echo”)

Radar observables:
• Target range
• Target angles (azimuth & elevation)
• Target size (radar cross section)
• Target speed (Doppler)
• Target features (imaging)
Radar Range Measurement

e
ng
Ra
Target

d
i tte
rans m s e
T Pu l

ec ted
fl
Re ulse
P
ct
• Target range =
2
where c = speed of light
t = round trip time
INTRODUCTION
Military radar : Gather information
highly mobile
target synchronisation
weapon control

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Features and Benifits
All Weather
Night Capability
Target Handling
Fast Reaction
Easy Operation
High Resolution
Linear/Circular polarized.

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RADAR EQUATION

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THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
 Radar Group: antenna,remote control,AFC,
interrogator

 Shelter: display unit, PPI(plane position

indicator), processor unit &
battery

 Motor generator: power supply

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Terminal Equipment
T.D.R: target data receiver
 Parallax correction
 Threat evaluation

LINE CONNECTION ADAPTER:

receive data
2-wire telephone line

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 Radar beams can be attenuated, reflected and
bent by the environment

• Atmospheric attenuation

• Reflection off of earth’s

surface

• Over-the-horizon diffraction
SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 DETECTION: Moving target data displayed
over PPI

 TARGET TRACKING: Track of moving target

 DECODING: Transmitted by VHF-FM/line

comm.

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Terminal equipment function

Message Threat
decoded/parall evaluation & Target
ax correction display of selection
result

Weapon aiming
Faring at target

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Equipment functions
 TARGET DECODING:
 Receive & Decode Inf.

 PARALLAX CORRECTION: x-y to pollar

coordinates

 THREAT EVALUATION: Display azimuthal

angle of threatning
targets

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FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Functional description
 HT UNIT: main voltage to dc voltage

 MAGNETRON: RF power generator

LO+AFC:
decide frequency of radar pulse

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CONCEPT OF LOW PROBABILITY OF
INTERCEPTION
 Low probability of Interception (LPI) :
Is to see and not be seen.

 Low enemy’s electronic counter-measures (ECM)

 Use narrow main-lobe and extremely low side-lobes

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DETECTION OF LANDMINES

 The technology of ground penetrating radar

uses Ultrawideband (UWB) techniques.

 Detectburied landmines as small as 10 square

cm

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RADAR GUN

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Antenna
 PARABOLIC REFLECTOR:
rotating with a high speed. In the focus of the
reflector is a radiator, which emits the pulses,
and which receives the RF echo pulses.

 In the waveguide is the polarization shifter,

which causes the polarization of the RF
energy to be either horizontally or circularly.

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DISADVANTAGES
 Time - Radar can take up to 2 seconds to
lock on
 Radar has wide beam spread (50 ft
diameter over 200 ft range).
 Cannot track if deceleration is greater than
one mph/second.
 Large targets close to radar can saturate
receiver.
 Hand-held modulation can falsify
readings.

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CONCLUSION

 Military radars are one of the most important

requirements during the wartime

 Used for early detection of ballistic missile and also

for accurate target detection and firing.

 Advises the weapon crew which target can be

engaged first.

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REFERENCES
 ) Skolnik ‘Introduction to Radar Systems’ McGraw Hill

 2) ‘Electronic Communication Systems’ by Kennedy,

Davis Fourth Edition

 3) Bharat Electronics Limited website www.bel-

india.com

 Radar Detection of Landmines – Dr Y Yerima – A

Paper Presented at the Faculty of Engineering
Seminar, NDA May 2004.

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THANK YOU

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QUERIES:-

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