Environmental Engineering - I

by Muhammad Farhan Arooj

BSc. Civil Engineering, UET Lahore - 2001

MS. Civil & Environmental Engineering, KAIST, South Korea - 2004
Editor Water Research, Top 25 Research Topics in the World, Exposure of more than 400 wastewater
treatment plants and Solid Waste Management Projects in the World.
Course Aim
Develop the student’s knowledge of

 Concept of Environmental Pollution,

Contamination and Sources.

 To design and Implementation of Water

Supply Schemes.
Outcome
Upon successful completion of the course, the student should
be able to comprehend:

 Public Health Aspect of Water Supply

 Water Supply Design

 Water Quality Monitoring and Sampling

 Water Treatment Technologies

TENTATIVE COURSE CONTENT

◦ Water Pollution

◦ Water Demand and Supply

◦ Water Quality

◦ Water Sampling & Testing

◦ Water Treatment

◦ Miscellaneous Water Treatment Techniques

◦ Water Distribution.
 Conduct of Course
2 + 0 credit hours course
Theory – 2 credit hours
● Quizzes 10 %
● Projects / Assignments 10 %
● 2 x Mid term exam 30 %
● End of Semester Exam 50 %
WARNINGS !!!
● Study in groups but submit work on your own
● No copying of project / assignments
● Severe penalty in case someone found cheating
● No make up quizzes or projects / assignments
● At least 80 % attendance is mandatory to appear in the exam

● Fundamental course in Civil Engineering

● Good class conduct and is very important to understand this
course
Recommended Books:
 Water Supply & Sewerage by Terence J. Mc Ghee 6 th Edition

 Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering by Rangwala, 25 th Edition

 Introduction to Environmental Engineering by Makanzie L. Davis,

David A. Cornwell
 Outcome Based Education (OBE)

Design/Development of Solutions

Environment and Sustainability

Individual and Teamwork

Engineering Knowledge

The Engineer & Society

Project Management
Modern Tool Usage
Problem Analysis

Lifelong Learning
Communication
Investigation
Taxonomy

Ethics
CLOs-PLOs Mapping

Environmental Engineering 1

To DESCRIBE basic concpets related to environmental

1 and water engineering C2 ü
                     

To COMPREHEND significance of water quality,

2
sampling and testing
C3 ü
                     

To DESIGN water distribution network and treatment

3
system
C5 ü
                     
Module – 1
Introduction to Environmental Engineering

7th Semester
Environmental Engineering -1
By Muhammad Farhan Arooj
Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Environmental Engineering

 It is the application of engineering principles towards the protection and enhancement

of the quality of environment and also towards the protection and enhancement of
public health and welfare.

Environment

 In the simplest words environment is every thing that surrounds man. It includes air,
water, soil, plants and animal life.

Worth Of Environmental Engineering

 Design and construction of water supply and sewerage

 Design and construction of water and waste water treatment plants
 Solid waste management
 Air pollution control
 Noise pollution control
 Industrial pollution control
Sources of Environmental Pollution
Pollution
 Any condition or substance resulting from human or natural

activity that adversely effect the quality of environment is called

pollution.

Examples

- Human Activity
 Production and disposal of untreated waste water into water

bodies

- Natural Activity
 Volcanic eruption result in disbursement of dust particles, So etc
2
which effect environment. 
Major Sources of Environmental Pollution
1) Municipal/Domestic source
 Domestic Sewage
 Solid Waste

2) Industrial source
 Heavy Metals
 Acid & Alkalies
 Cooling Waters
 Organic Compounds

3) Agriculture source
 Excessive use of Fertilizer
 Excessive use of Pesticide
Pollution & Its Effect

 Pollution of Water

 Pollution of Air

 Pollution of Land
Introduction to Air Pollution
Definition
 It refer to substances present in atmosphere in concentrations, high

enough to harm humans, animals, plants or other materials

Sources
1. Natural: e.g. smoke from forest fires caused by lightening, volcanic
eruption etc.

2. Anthropogenic: industry, power generation, vehicular emissions,

agriculture, burning of solid waste etc
 Rapid urbanization with the associated growth is industry and vehicle use

has increased the problems of air pollution.

Major Air Pollutants

 Include: suspended particulate matter CO, SO , NO lead and other heavy
2 x
metals, VOC (Volatile organic compounds e.g. small amount of unburnt
fuel from automobile exhaust).
Major Sources of Air Pollution

 Motor Vehicles

 Miscellaneous Industry

 Municipal Solid Waste

 Agriculture
Effects of Air Pollution
Short term exposure may result in
 Eye irritation
 Inflammation of respiratory tract
 Suppression of immune system etc.

Long term exposure to toxic air pollutants may

cause
 Cancer, asthama, respiratory infection etc.

Air pollution may result in acidification of lakes,

reduction in crop yield affect plant growth.
NEQs of Air Pollution
What NEQS Say About Air Pollution

 According to NEQS, for motor vehicular

exhaust smoke should not by more than 40%
or 2 on Ringlemann scale. CO emission
standard is 4.5% for new and 6% for used
vehicles.
Noise
Noise

 Sound is called noise when it becomes disagreeable or

loud, particularly when it results in physiological harm.

Measuring Units

 Relative loudness is expressed numerically using the

decibel (db) scale or a modified decibel scale called
decibel-A (dBA) which takes into account high pitched
sounds to which human ear is more sensitive.
Effects of Noise
In addition to hearing loss, noise produces a number of
physiological effects in the body and physiological
stresses.

Physiological stresses are

 Increase in heart beat
 Dilates the pupils
 Cause muscle contraction
 Permanent constriction of blood vessels(due to long

exposure resulting in blood pressure)

 Migraine headaches, nausea, dizziness
 Gastric ulcers
Sources of Noise & Control Measure

 Road traffic noise

 Air traffic noise

 Neighborhood noise

 Rail traffic noise

 Occupational noise