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The history of all hitherto is the history of class struggle….Karl Marx

why do people fight…?
Basic Needs for Survival

Food and Water

Climate and Weather
Population pressure and
Competition
Freedom
Medieval Time is the first time when many wars started over
Ideas only – without the basic need for foods etc.
 Fight over an Idea

Religion – Our religion is better than yours

Race – Our race is superior to yours
Social Norms or Structure – Our form of government
is better than yours
 In the present times – most wars are essentially fought over
ideas
 Even in a democracy an election is fought over idea-s
Medieval Time is the first time when many wars started over
Ideas only – without the basic need for foods etc.
Directly descended from two of the world’s greatest
conquerors….
 THE MUGHAL EMPIRE (CLASSIC
PERIOD)
1526-1530 1530-1556 1556-1605 1605-1627 1628-1658 1659-1707

HUMAYU SHAH AURANGZE

BABUR AKBARJAHANGIR
N JAHAN B
New Administrative Practice
Culture…..?
Culture includes religion , language, social habit,
music and art…….
 Din-i llahi (Religion of God)

.
Fatehpur Sikri Palace
 Synthesis of religion

 to merge the best elements of the religions of

his empire, and thereby reconcile the
differences that divided his subjects.[2] The
elements were primarily drawn from Islam and 
Hinduism, but some others were also taken
from Christianity, Jainism and Zoroastrianism
No single religion could claim the monopoly of truth

Blasphemy
 Prohibits lust, sensuality, slander and pride
 Encourages piety, prudence, abstinence and kindness
 Language : Urdu

 Around 99% of Urdu verb have their roots in Sanskrit and Arabic
We can find Mughal Contribution in

• Empowering Women
• Establishing international trade
and Commerce
• Clothing
• Cuisine
 Art in Mughal Empire

Focusing on perspective and life like

recreation
The Taj Mahal
Red Fort
Jame Masjid
 Mughal Influence on the
Subcontinent
Imperial Decline of MUGHALS..
 Class and Society

 Emperor was the ultimate authority of everything

 Mughal nobility formed a privileged class
 Clan or family link were the most important consideration for recruitment
 The Crisis of Mughal Empire
  

 
 War of Succession
 Fiscal Crisis (Jagirdari Crisis)
 Heavy Tax Burden on the Peasantry
 Wars of Peasant Resistance
 Return of Jizyat and Pilgrimage Tax
 Collapse of Alliance with Hindu
Warriors
                                                                     

                                  

Prof. Subho Basu History of South and South East Asia

• Shah Jahan and Jahangir neglected the Mughal state

• Bureaucracy became bloated and corrupt

• Productivity and standard of living declined

• Muslim empires didn’t feel that Europe was a threat! The

lack of meeting the growth of Europe led to their destruction
and the weakening of their economies.

• Mughal decline opened the door for European control in

India
 British Imperialism in India

 -Decline of the Mughals began with religious conflict between Muslims and Hindus and resulted
in fighting and a divided empire
Thank You