Potable Water Standards, Conventional Unit Operation used in waste treatment, Overview about water treatment and wastewater

treatment.
Short Term Area Source Model
Sr No Suspended Growth Process Attached Growth Process

1 In a suspended growth process, the microorganism Attached growth process uses a medium to retain and
remains in suspension through out the wastewater. grow microorganisms.

2 E.g: Aerated lagoons E.g: Trickling filter

3 Complex Operation Simpler Operation

4 They require more energy They require less energy

5 Less equipment maintenance More equipment maintenance

Attached growth process can be easily operated in

6 Urban facilities opt for suspended growth processes
small communities

7 Less foot print More foot print

Treatment systems
• The type of combination used from the available unit operations and processes for
treatment of a particular wastewater is known as the Treatment System.

• The Treatment systems are as follows;

1. Preliminary Treatment System

2. Primary Treatment System

3. Secondary Treatment System

4. Tertiary Treatment System

5. Advanced Treatment process

Preliminary Treatment
• The preliminary treatment system is mainly selected to removes floating materials
and large inorganic particulate contents of wastewater that usually cause
maintenance or operational problems in primary and secondary treatments of

wastewater. It is also known as pretreatment in conventional treatment system.

• The preliminary treatment system includes:
Sump and pump unit: City/town wastewater is usually collected in a sump or holding tank
and is pumped to the higher levels of first treatment units.

Approach channel: To convey and dampen the flow of wastewater pumped to treatment unit
plants.

Screen chamber: To removes large size floating materials.

Grit chamber: To remove up to 0.20 mm size suspended settleable solids of specific gravity
2.60.

Skimming tank (oil and grease tank): To remove excessive oil and grease from the
wastewater.
Primary Treatment
• The conventional primary treatment system includes all the units of the
preliminary treatment system and the primary sedimentation tank (PSD), usually
known as the primary clarifier. When only these units are provides for treatment,
it is called primary treatment of wastewater.
• The removal of most of the large floating materials takes place in the screen
chamber, and most of the heavy suspended solids are separated in the grit
chamber.

• The PST then reduces about 60-70 % of fine settleable suspended solids, which
include about 30-32 % of organic suspended solids.
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