Effluent Treatment Plant

(ETP)
 Group Members:

Name:Shakib Al Hasan Name:Mehedi Hasan Mahfuz Name:Selina Akter Name:Farabi Firoz

S.Id:0962210014121001 S.Id:0962210014121002 S.Id:0962210014121008 S.Id:0962210014121025

Name:Shahin Alom
S.Id:0962210014121029
 What is ETP?

• ETP(Effluent Treatment Plant) An effluent treatment plant cleans industrial effluents, contaminated
water from rivers and lakes, and so on just in order to reuse the water for additional purposes.

TREATMENT

INFLUENT ETP EFFLUENT

SLUDGE
•INFLUENT:The term "influent" refers to the raw or untreated water that contains various
pollutants and contaminants from industrial or commercial activities.

• EFFLUENT:Effluent is the output of the treatment process, and the goal of the ETP is to
reduce or eliminate pollutants and contaminants from the influent.

• SLUDGE:Sludge refers to the residual solid material that is separated from the wastewater
during the treatment process.
 What is ETP?

Chemical
oxygen pH
demand(COD)

Nature of the
effluent
Biological depends on.
oxygen Temperature
demand(BOD)

Total Total
dissolved suspended
solids(TDS) solids(TSS)
Fig:An ETP plant.
 Importance of ETP

 To clean industry effluent and recycle it for further To reduce the usage of fresh/potable water in To
cut expenditure on water.

 To meet the standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various Industries
set by the Government and avoid heftily

 To safeguard the environment against pollution and contribute to sustainable development

 Some of the useful tips for set up ETP

 Selecting the appropriate place: The ETP should not be set up close to the wells or reservoirs of
drinking water, wetlands, or water discharge zones.

 A Design Efficient Treatment plant: Choosing a wasted place or idle place would result in saving
land. This could be land that is idle and not being used for any industrial process .

 Choosing an appropriate water treatment technology- Studying the effluent type, characteristic and
volume can help adopt the ideal technology needed for treatment
 Classification and Treatment Levels

• Classification of the wastewater treatment process and Treatment Levels :

LV.1
• Preliminary Treatment
Level .
LV.2
• Primary Treatment
Level .
LV.3
• Secondary Treatment
Level .
LV.4
• Tertiary (or advanced)
Treatment Level.
 Preliminary Treatment level

• Purpose: Physical separation of big-sized impurities like cloth, plastics, wood logs, paper, etc.

• Common physical unit operations at the Preliminary level are:

i. Screening: A screen with openings of uniform size is used to remove large solids such as plastics,
cloth, etc. Generally, a maximum of 10 mm is used.

ii. Sedimentation: Physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from
water

• Clarification: Used for separation of solids from fluids.

 Primary Treatment Level

• Purpose: Removal of floating and settleable materials such as suspended solids and organic matter.

• Methods: Both physical and chemical methods are used in this treatment.

• Chemical unit processes: Chemical unit processes are always used with physical operations and may
also be used with biological treatment Chemical processes use the addition of chemicals to the
wastewater to bring about changes in its quality.

• Example: pH control, coagulation, chemical precipitation, and oxidation.

• pH Control: To adjust the pH in the treatment process to make wastewater.

 pH For acidic wastes (low pH): NaOH, Na2CO3, CaCO3 or Ca (OH).

 For alkali wastes (high pH): H2SO4.

 Primary Treatment Level

• Chemical coagulation and Flocculation: Coagulation refers to collecting the minute solid particles
dispersed in a liquid into a larger Chemical coagulants like Al2(SO4)3 {also called alum} or
Fe2(SO4)3 are added to wastewater to improve the attraction among fine particles so that they come
together and form larger particles called A chemical flocculent (usually a polyelectrolyte) enhances the
flocculation process by bringing together particles to form larger flocs, which settle out more
Flocculation is aided by gentle mixing which causes the particles to collide.
 Secondary Treatment Level

• Methods: Biological and chemical processes are involved in this level.

• Biological unit process:

 To remove, or reduce the concentration of organic and inorganic compounds.
 Biological treatment process can take many forms but it work with microorganisms, mainly bacteria.

• Aerobic Processes:
 When oxygen is required for the effective treatment of the wastewater and the COD is less than 1000
mg/L, the aerobic treatment method is typically used.
 In the aerobic process, organic waste is broken down by oxygen and biomass, into carbon dioxide and
water.

• Anaerobic processes:
 Wastewater with a COD of more than 1000 mg/L, which indicates a larger organic content, is treated
anaerobically.
 Secondary Treatment Level

• Anaerobic processes:
 in the absence of oxygen, bacteria degrade organic matter and produce by-products, including carbon
dioxide, water, and methane.
 The final products are methane and biomass.
 Tertiary / Advanced Treatment

• Purpose: Final cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused,
recycled, or discharged to the environment.

• Mechanism: Removes remaining inorganic compounds, and substances such as nitrogen

and phosphorus. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which are harmful to public health, are also
removed at this stage.

• Methods: Alum: Used to help remove additional phosphorus particles and group the
remaining solids together for easy removal in the group Chlorine contact tank disinfects the
tertiary treated wastewater by removing microorganisms in treated wastewater including
bacteria, viruses, and parasites The remaining chlorine is removed by adding sodium
bisulfate just before it’s discharged.
Chart of treatment process
THANKS!
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