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IN TR
ODU
CT I O
N TO
PROC TR EA
ESSE TME
S NT
By :Zerihun Getaneh
AAiT , School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Objectives of Treatment
Removal of: dissolved mineral matters, settleable suspended matter and
non‐ settleable colloidal impurities
To improve the aesthetic quality ‐‐ taste and odor
Ground Surface
Ground Surface
Conventional
StepAtobrief description ofWater
Conventional unit process
Treatment
Screening
is retention of a substance by a screen that has a mesh size
smaller than the substance to be retained
Objectives:
Removal of coarse solids (pieces of woods, plastics, papers,
rags, leaves, roots, etc.)
Protection of pump, valves, pipe lines, impellers
Classification Based on:
Opening size: Coarse, Medium, Fine( 5-15cm ,in between,5 -20mm)
Configuration: Bar screens, Mesh screens
Cleaning Method: Manual, Mechanical, Raked, Water jet
Screen surface: Fixed, Moving
The most commonly used bar type screen
Pre-chlorination
Injecting Cl2, high dosage (2-5 mg/L)
Avoided in waters with good quality (ground water)
Role of Pre-chlorination
Oxidation of Fe and Mn - Precipitation
Kills algae and bacteria (long period of contact time)
Reduces color and odor problem
It is not applicable because it is uneconomical
Aeration
Is the immediate exposure of water and air
Aeration follows screening and (optional) pre-chlorination and
proceeds coagulation
Like pre-chlorination ,aeration is an optional procedure used
when problematic components exist in the raw water
Aeration removes or modifies the constituents of water using
two methods:
scrubbing action and
oxidation
4Fe+2 + O2 + 10H2O 4Fe(OH)3 + 8H+
Cascade aerator
Coagulation and Flocculation
Substance that are removed during the process include bacteria , algae ,
viruses , fungi , minerals , and man made chemical pollutants
Sedimentation
Is a treatment process in which the velocity of the water is lowered
below the suspension velocity and the suspended particles settle out of
the water due to gravity
Filtration
convection of a water stream through a porus media with the intent to
2
Disinfection
Inactivation of microorganisms
Treatment process selection
Provision must be made at the plant for a store and laboratory and shelter
for the working personnel
The plant should made as hygienic as possible
The plant must be provided with essential services such as approach
roads, power supply and telephone facilities
Preliminary treatment processes
The available land area and topography dictate the plant layout.
Quiz
closed book
1. A raw water source contains mainly minerals (Fe+2 and Mn+2)
and gases (CH4 and H2S). What type of treatment technique will
be effective to remove such kind of materials? Explain the
removal mechanism and principle. You can use the possible
chemical reactions
2. Two water samples were analyzed for BOD5. The DOi for each
sample was 9.0 mg/L. After 5 days the DOf was found to be
0.0mg/L and 8.8mg/L for sample 1 and sample 2 respectively.
Find BOD and give possible explanation about the result.
(Assume dilution factor is 1).