ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL& ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING
CENG 1362 Hydraulic Structures I Date September, 2018
Assignment 3
Note: the assignment is open book Prepared by: Dr. Dan
Be sure to answer all of the questions and be specific in your answers.  Avoid vagueness and explain
your answers fully.
WARNING!! You may note that in case your assignment response(s) happens to be a copy of your
friend response, your assignment may be summarily rejected and/or your marks may be made null
and void. Therefore, you are strongly advised not to allow any other student to copy it.

Name (and ID):______________________________________________________________________

I. Classification of Dam types

1. Dams may be classified into a number of different categories, depending upon the purpose of
the classification. For the purposes of this assignment, it is convenient to consider three broad
classifications: Dams are classified according to (a) their use, (b) their hydraulic design, or
(c) the materials of which they are constructed. Please list all classification type.

2. Which classification is used the most for the discussion of design procedures in this lecture?

3. Earth fill dams are the most common type of dam in the world, the principal reason for this
is?

4. PHYSICAL FACTORS GOVERNING SELECTION OF DAM TYPE

During the early stages of planning and design, selection of the site and the type of dam should be
carefully considered; It is only in exceptional circumstances that only one type of dam or appurtenant
structure is suitable for a given dam site. Generally, preliminary designs and estimates for several
types of dams and appurtenant structures are required before one can be proved the most suitable
and economical. It is, therefore, important to understand that the project is likely to be unduly
expensive unless decisions regarding the site selection and the type of dam are based upon adequate
study.

4(a) Topographic considerations include the surface configuration of the dam site and of the
reservoir area and accessibility to the site and to construction materials. Topography, in large measure,
dictates the fist choice of the type of dam. Which dam type (Rock fill dam, earth dam, concrete dam) you
would suggest for the following topographical condition

i) A narrow stream flowing between high, rocky walls (deep rocky valley)
ii) Low, rolling plains with wide valley
iii) If there are natural saddles which are good for spill way location

4(b) Foundation condition: The foundation geology at a dam site often dictates the type of dam
suitable for that site. The strength, thickness, and inclination of strata; permeability; fracturing; and faulting
are all important considerations in selecting the dam type. Some of the different foundations commonly
encountered are: (a) Rock Foundations (b) coarse gravel foundation (c) fine silt/clay foundation.

1
For each of the dam foundation type please discuss the following aspect:

i. Type of dam appropriate for each of the foundation given above and discuss why you chooses that
specific dam type?

ii. Characteristics of each foundation type (weak and strong aspect of the foundation)

[Hint: which are free of significant geologic defects, have relatively high shear strengths, and are resistant to
erosion and percolation, offer few restrictions as to the type of dam that can be built upon them. What are
the Design concerns for each foundation type, which one exhibits non uniform settlement, potential soil
collapse upon saturation, excessive uplift forces, piping problem, excessive percolation losses, and which
one need protection of the foundation at the downstream embankment toe from erosion, which foundations
are generally considered to be the more competent type
of foundation and usually do not present any problem for small dams.]

iii. Remedial measures for each of foundations weakness

[Hint: grouting, provide adequate seepage control, provide effective water cutoffs or seals. Cutoff trenches,
sheet piling, mixed-in-place concrete pile curtains, slurry trenches, grouting of alluvium, or combinations of
these methods have been used to reduce the flow and to control seepage forces. Blankets of impervious
material, extending upstream from the toe of the dam and possibly covering all or part of the abutments, are
frequently used for the same purpose. Horizontal drainage blankets may be incorporated in the downstream
toe of a dam or used to blanket the area immediately downstream from the toe of the dam through which
percolating water may escape under an appreciable head]

iv. Which foundations can be used to support of earth fill dams? Which one requires relatively flat
embankment slopes because of relatively lower foundation shear strengths? Which foundations under dams
can also consolidate significantly? Which foundation is usually not economical to construct a rockfill dam
or concrete dam?

Part II: Design and Analysis

An earthen dam made of homogeneous materials has the hydraulic data labeled on the figure (1)
below and properties of the material of the dam as follows:

Fill material Foundation


Dry density ( ) = 18KN/m3 17KN/m3

Submerged density ( ) = 12 KN/m3 17KN/m3


Average angle of friction(ᶲ) = 300 250

Average cohesion (C) = 24 KN/m2 28 KN/m2

Hydraulic conductivity = 5*10-6 m/sec

Upstream slope = 3H:1V

Downstream slope = 2H:1V


2
 A(x,y)

30 m
h1 h2

15m

Design the embankment dam shown figure above by detailing all the necessary procedures and important
consideration? The stability design process starts by determining

(A) Pheratic line,

i. Write the parabolic equation which represents the pheratic line.
ii. Calculate the free board
iii. What is the coordinate of point A (x and y value)?
iv. What is the value of “s” in the parabolic equation?
v. Calculate the seepage flow
vi. What is the value of “y” when x is zero?
vii. What is the value of “x” when y is zero?
viii. What is the value of “h1 and “h2”?
ix. Fill the value of y for the following value of x:

x -0.55 0 30 55 100 150 200

y

Table (1) Geometric properties of slices

Upstream Downstream
Slice Area(m2)  (deg) hw (m) L (m) Area (m2)  (deg) L (m)
A1 30 30 0 15 40 30 15
A2 75 25 4.5 20 100 25 15
A3 75 15 4.5 20 100 15 15
A4 30 5 3.0 20 35 5 15

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Calculate the dry and wet portion of the dam assuming the following:
Upstream: A1 is dry otherwise all part is wet
Core: calculate h1 and h2 then approximately determine the dry and wet portion
Downstream: using pheratic line approximate the dry and wet portion

Dam U/s shoulder D/s shoulder Core

Item Area(m2) Wt(kN) Area(m2) Wt(kN) Area(m2) Wt(kN) Area(m2) Wt(kN)
Under seepage line
Dry portion
Total

B. What is the Factor of safety against failure due to horizontal shear at the base?
C. What is the Stability of u/s slopes against sliding shear?
D. What is the Stability of d/s slopes against sliding shear?
E. Calculate FS at the point of maximum shear for U/S.
E. Calculate FS at the point of maximum shear for D/S.
F. Analyze the upstream slopes stability using Swedish Circle method.
G. Analyze the downstream slopes stability using Swedish Circle method

Doing this assignment by yourself help a great deal to score well in final exam!!!!
Good Luck, Have a Great Year and Keep in Touch!!!