SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

SEWAGE TREATMENT
PROCESS
 INTRODUCTION
1. The sewage is disposed off by dilution or on land after and
collection and conveyance.
2. The treatment process depends on the type of impurities
present in the sewage and the standard of treatment
needed.
OBJECT OF TREATMENT

1. To reduce the quantity of sewage and reduce the strength

of sewage to safely discharge in in the natural water
courses.
2. To reduce the sewage contents from sewage and remove
all the nuisance causing elements
3. To change the character of the sewage to safely discharge
in natural water courses applied on the land.
4. S.T.P. required for big cities were quantity of sewage is
more as well as various types of solids , industrial sewage
etc.
DERGREE OF TREATMENT

1. Degree of treatment is decided by regulatory agencies and

the extent to which the final products of treatment are to
be utilized.
2. The regulatory agencies are the Local bodies or state
water prevention and control board.
3. Standard laid down for effluent or the conditions under
which effluent should be discharged into natural stream or
disposed on the land.
PERIOD OF DESIGN

 Normally designed to meet the requirements over a 30 year

period after its completion.
 The treatment plant to be considered as a main part of the
sewerage project and the area to be served
EFFLUENT DISOPAL

1. The degree of the treatment provided to the sewage is

governed by a specific purpose for which the sewage is to
be used.
2. The effluent is preferably used for irrigation of crops with
precautions.
3. For artificial recharge of ground water or for industries as
process or cooling water.
4. In the treatment plant for flushing and foam control,
chlorination injector water, fire protection and general
plant operation.
5. The effluent may be disposed of in natural water body.
TYPES OF TREATMENT

1. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
2. SECONDARY TREATMENT
3. FINAL TREATMENT
PRELIMINARY
TREATMENT
 SREENING AND SKIMMING
 REMOVAL OF OIL AND GREASE ETC.
 FLOATATION
 SKIMMING TANK
SECONDARY TREATMENT
SEDIMENTATION TANKS
1. GRIT CHAMBERS
2. DETRITUS TANKS
SEDIMENTATION WITH COAGULANTS--- CHEMICAL
PRECIPITATION
FINAL TREATMENT

 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
LOCATION OF TREATMENT
PLANT
 The location of treatment plant should be as near as possible
to the point of disposal.
TREATMENT PROCESSES
IMPURITY PROCESS USED FOR REMOVAL

1 Bulky floating and suspended matter Racks and screens

2 Oil and grease Flotation tanks (skimming tanks)

3 Heavy and coarse suspended matters Grit chambers , detritus tanks and
sedimentation tanks
4 Non settle able suspended matter and Chemical flocculation
some dissolved solids (precipitation tanks)

5 Colloidal and dissolved organic matter Biological growth (slimes)

6 Pathogenic bacteria Disinfection

SEWAGE TREARTMENT PLANTS

1. Sewage treatment plant for small towns

2. Sewage treatment plant for medium towns
3. Sewage treatment plant for large towns
Sewage treatment plant for small towns
Sewage treatment plant for medium size
towns
Sewage treatment plant for large size towns
LAYOUT OF TREATMENT
PLANTS
1. All the plants should be located in order of sequence
2. If possible all the plant should be located at such elevation
that sewage can flow from one plant into another next under
its force of gravity only.
3. All the treatment unit should be arranged in such a way that
minimum area is required
4. Sufficient area to be occupied for future expansion
5. Staff quarters and office should be provided near the treatment
plant.
6. Site should very neat and give good appearance
LAYOUT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
Points to be considered in
design
1. The design period should be taken between 15-20 years.
2. The design should be done on the average domestic flow
plus the maximum industrial flow on the yearly record
basis.
3. Instead of providing one big unit for each treatment more
than two number smaller units should be provided which
will provide flexibility in operation
Cont.d

 Overflow weirs and by –passes should be provided to cut

the particular operation if desired.
 Self cleaning velocity should develop at very place and
stage
 The design of treatment units should be economical, easy in
maintenance should offer flexibility in operation