CHINA - PHILIPPINE

RELATIONS
A GROUP PRESENTATION BY:
CARLOS VICENTE TORRALBA
RYAN CABANELA
PAULO BOLLOSA
I. Introduction
1. Brief description of China
2. Brief description of Philippines
CHINA
China is situated in eastern Asia on the western shore
of the Pacific Ocean, with an area of 9.6 million square
kilometers. China's continental coastline extends for
about 18,000 kilometers, and its vast sea surface is
studded with more than 5,000 islands, of which
Taiwan and Hainan are the largest.
PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands and
islets located in the southeast coast of Asia. It has a total
land area of 300,000 square kilometers bounded by the
Philippine sea to the east, Celebes Sea to the south, and
South China Sea to the north and the west.
PHILIPPINES
Main Products : (Agriculture) Rice, banana, cassava,
coconut, corn, pineapple, sugarcane, sweet potato,
(Forestry) ebony, kapok, mahogany, (marine)
milkfish, scad, tuna, spones, pearls, (Mining)
chromite, copper, gold, nickel, (Manufacturing)
cement, garments, chemicals, foods, electronic
equipments, petroleum products, wood products and
textiles
It is a country subdivided into fifteen regions, into
provinces, into cities and municipalities and into
barangays (the smallest political unit).
PHILIPPINES
Official Name : Republic of the Philippines
Official Languages : Filipino and English
Population : 54% rural and 46% urban
Basic Monetary Unit : Peso
Weights and Measurements : Metric System
Religion : Catholic 83%, Protestant 8%, Muslim 5%,
Buddhist 3
II-A: CHINA - PHILIPPINES
RELATIONSHIP IN HISTORICAL
TIMES
1. Pre - Spanish Era
2.Spanish Era
3.American Era
4.Japanese Era
5.Post - War Era
PRE - SPANISH ERA
 Most trusted clientele
 “Filipino’s Extraordinary
Honesty”
 porcelain, silk and traders
 jacket with sleeves,
the loose trousers
 manufacture and use of firearms
 Iron, lead, gold and silver
SPANISH ERA
1588 - paying rent for
the land they occupied
SPANISH ERA
Three uprisings the Chinese were subjected to
brutality by the Spaniards:
1593 - 250 Chinese were forced to row the ships of
the Spanish governor general in the Philippines to
conquer the Moluccas islands
1603 - slaughter of 24,000 Chinese leaving just 1,500
1639 - Another 23,000 Chinese were massacred
SPANISH ERA
Chinese coolie in the Philippines, 1899

Chinese coolies working

on plantations without
ample protection would be
frequent assassinations and
open affray.
SPANISH ERA
Chinese-Filipino Mestizo during Spanish era

Chinese who converted to

Catholicism intermarried
with indigenous women
and adopted Hispanized
names and customs. Their
children became mestizos
de Sangley or Chinese
mestizos (Chinese with
Filipino blood).
AMERICAN ERA
1902 - Exclusion Act - banned Chinese immigration
 principalia – the rich elite comprised mostly of
Chinese mestizos
Ilustrado – the propertied, educated elite – either
surrendered or took an oath of allegiance to the U.S.
colonizers
Chinese and Filipino mestizos - to amass more
wealth using their political authority
JAPANESE ERA
Chinese-Filipino soldiers and guerrillas joined the
anti-Japanese resistance:
Wa Chi movement
the Ampaw unit under Col. Chua Sy Tao
the 48th Squadron
Chinese-Filipino identity
POST - WAR ERA
2005 - the “golden age of partnership”
2010 - China was the Philippines’ third largest trading
partner, ninth top foreign investor, and fourth source
of tourists.
Philippine-China relations from 1975-2010 saw the
signing of 100 bilateral agreements
Philippine-China relations during this period was not
always harmonious given the irritants and differences
that surfaced.
POST - WAR ERA
1949 - People’s Republic of China (PRC)
Republic Act 1700
anti-Huk campaign of the 1950s
1973 - “Filipinization” policy & “Filipino First” policy
June 5, 1975 - Formal Philippine-Taiwan relations ended &
opened diplomatic relations with China
One-China Policy
“friendship price”
1990s - China’s “opening up” policy and economic modernization
II-B: RELATIONSHIP IN TERMS
OF ADMINISTRATION
1. FERDINAND MARCOS
2. CORY AQUINO
3. FIDEL RAMOS
4. JOSEPH ESTRADA
5. GLORIA ARROYO
6. BENIGNO AQUINO III
7. RODRIGO DUTERTE – UPCOMING ADMINISTRATION
FERDINAND MARCOS
• When he opened diplomatic relations with China in
1975, nearly after a quarter of a century, commercial
relations with China were renewed.
• Then under the martial law government of
Ferdinand E. Marcos, opened diplomatic relations
with China. The change in diplomacy happened in
the backdrop of U.S.-Philippine special ties and
alliance
CORY AQUINO
• The government realized that the reestablishment of
democratic institutions would prove futile if there
was no peace and order throughout the country.
• In the first 20 years of formal ties, while trade
relations with China normalized often with the latter
offering “friendship price” for its exports the bilateral
trade with Taiwan remained comparatively stronger.
FIDEL RAMOS
• His agenda ranged from the expansion of
commercial relations with China to the resolution of
the Spratlys dispute.
• Issues centered on rival claims on the Spratly islands
West of Palawan.
• It was feared that friendly relations between China
and the Philippines would deteriorate after Chinese
occupation of the Mischief Reef.
JOSEPH ESTRADA
• They tackled their overlapping claims on certain islands
and reefs at the Spratlys which are believed to be sitting
atop vast mineral and oil deposits. Other claimants are
Brunei, Malaysia, Taiwan and Vietnam.
• Estrada said the Philippines can learn much in attaining
food security from China which has a population of 1.2
billion, through its use of modern agricultural
techniques.
GLORIA ARROYO
• She had been considerably more receptive to Beijing's
commercial incentives and was apparently willing to
compromise Philippine claims in response
• Deepening and increasing economic ties between the
two countries.
• China helped finance many of the identified key and
vital government projects during that time.
BENIGNO AQUINO III
• China and Philippines had increasingly aggressive in
defending its territorial claims.
• He made the unprecedented decision to take China
to international court over maritime disputes in the
South China Sea.
• China had seen the Aquino government's stronger
stance as provocative, and has responded by
increasing its presence in disputed areas
RODRIGO DUTERTE
-UPCOMING ADMINISTRATION
• Duterte has openly called for direct talks with Chinese
leadership and joint development agreements in the South
China Sea.
• He would abide by China’s insistence on bilateral or
country-to-country talks to resolve the South China Sea
dispute rather through international arbitration
• Duterte said he would demand economic concessions from
China in exchange for Manila’s backtracking on its claim.
III. CONCLUSION
1. Summary
SUMMARY
None of the Philippines’ actions, so far, have had any significant
impact on China’s behavior in the South China Sea. If anything, one
could argue that China has even been emboldened to tighten its
grip on contested waters by building a sprawling network of
military/civilian facilities across the Paracel and Spratly island
chains. More disturbingly, China has also deployed advanced
military platforms—from surface-to-air-missile (SAM) systems and
mobile artilleries to high-frequency radars and fighter jets—to the
area.
VISITS TO CHINA BY PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS:

President Ferdinand E. Marcos: 7 June 1975

President Corazon C. Aquino: 14 April 1988
President Fidel V. Ramos: 25 April 1993
President Joseph E. Estrada: 16 May 2000
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo: 29 October 2001;
1-3 September 2004; 27 October-2 November 2006;
21 April 2007; 5-6 June 2007; 1-2 October 2007; 30 March
-1 April 2008, 7-10 August 2008; 23-27 October 2008, 8-9
June 2010
President Benigno S. Aquino III, 30 August – 2 September
2011
VISIT TO THE PHILIPPINES BY
CHINESE PRESIDENT/PREMIERS
Premier Zhao Ziyang:6 August 1981
Premier Li Peng:13 December 1990
President Jiang Zemin:23 November 1996
Premier Zhu Rongji: 26 November 1999
President Hu Jintao: 26-28 April 2005
Premier Wen Jiabao: 15-16 January 2007