UIE

Academic Unit-1
Bachelor of Engineering (CSE, CSE-IBM, IT)
Engineering Graphics using CAD
MEP-117

PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 • Space for visual (size 24)

PROJECTIONS
OF SOLIDS
Course Outcome Will be covered in this
CO Title Level lecture
Number
CO1 Thorough understanding and using the various concepts Remember
and elements of engineering graphics using CAD &
software. Understand
CO2 Understanding fundamentals of CAD (computer aided Understand
drafting)  
CO3 To understand engineering drawing as a formal and Understand
precise way of communicating information about the
shape, size, feature and precision of physical objects.
CO4 Learning the conversion of 2D drawings into 3D and vice Understand
versa.  
CO5 Learning to enhance imagination, visualization, Understand
presentation and interpretation skills.   2
 • Space for visual (size 24)

COURSE
OBJECTIVES
Students may be able to
• understand the classification of different
types of solids
• represent the different orientations of the
solids as a whole and w.r.t. its different parts
• draw orthographic projections of different
solids

3
 Solid
• A solid is a three dimensional object having length, breadth and thickness. It is completely
bounded by a surface or surfaces which may be curved or plane.
• A solid is an aggregate of points, lines and planes

Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 4

 Classification of Solids
Group A Group B
Solids having top and base of same shape Solids having base of some shape
and just a point as a top, called
apex.

Cylinder Cone

Prisms Pyramids

Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal

Cube Tetrahedron
( A solid having ( A solid having
six square faces) triangular faces)
Four MET-164
Engineering Graphics and Drawing 5
Image Source: www.it.griet.ac.in
 Parts of Solids

Square Prism Square Pyramid Cylinder Cone

Apex Apex
Top
Rectangular Slant
Face Edge Triangular
Longer Base Face Base Base
Base
Edge

Corner of Edge Edge Corner of

Generators
base of of base
Imaginary lines
Base Base
generating curved surface
of cylinder & cone.

Sections of solids( top & base not parallel) Frustum of cone & pyramids.
( top & base parallel to each other)
Image Source: www.it.griet.ac.in Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 6
 Projections of Solids
• A shape of a solid described by drawing its two orthographic views i.e. FV and TV.
• The information that should be known to draw the projection of solid is as follows:
1. Size of the solid
2. orientation of the solid as a whole
3. orientation of the solid w.r.t. one f its base edges, corners, longer edges, slant edges, etc.

Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 7

 Orientation of the solid as a whole
• The orientation of the solid can only be determined w.r.t. the axis of the solid
• If the axis is parallel to HP the solid is parallel to HP, similar is the case with perpendicular or
inclined.
1. If the solid is perpendicular to one of the principal planes, the solution of the problem will be
single stage i.e. one FV and TV will be drawn
2. If the solid is inclined to any principal plane it will be a 2 stage solution and follow the below
steps
a. assume the solid to be perpendicular to that principal plane and draw the projections
b. after drawing the above assumed case then draw the projections of the solid inclined to
that principal plane.

Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 8

Positions of a solid w.r.t. HP and VP
STANDING ON H.P RESTING ON H.P LYING ON H.P
On it’s base. On one point of base circle. On one generator.
(Axis perpendicular to Hp (Axis inclined to Hp (Axis inclined to Hp
And // to Vp.) And // to Vp) And // to Vp)

F.V. F.V. F.V.

X Y
While observing Fv, x-y line represents Horizontal Plane. (Hp)

X While observing Tv, x-y line represents Vertical Plane. (Vp) Y

T.V. T.V. T.V.

STANDING ON V.P RESTING ON V.P LYING ON V.P

On it’s base. On one point of base circle. On one generator.
Image Source: Axis perpendicular to Vp Engineering Graphics
Axisand
Engineering AxisMET-164
Drawing
Drawing MET-164 inclined to Vp 9
www.it.griet.ac.in And // to Hp to Vp And // to Hp
 Projections of Solids
Draw the projections of a pentagonal prism , base 25 mm side and axis 50 mm long, resting on one of its
rectangular faces on the H.P. with the axis inclined at 45º to the V.P.

b’ 2’ b 1’ 2 1’

a’ 1’ c’ 3’ a1’ 3 1’
c1’ 1 1’

X e’ 5’ d’ 4’ e1 ’ d1’ 41’ Y
45º 5 1’
25 c
d
d
a e b c b
e
a
3
50

4
2
5
1
1 5 2 4 3
Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 10
 Projections of Solids
A cylinder 40 mm diameter and 50 mm axis is resting on one point of a base circle on VP while it’s axis
makes 450 with VP and parallel to HP. Draw projections..

4’d’ d’ 4’

3’
1’ a’ c’ a’ c’ 3’
1’

2’ b’ b’ 2’
X a bd c 450 Y

c
bd
a

3
24
1 24 3

1
Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 11
 Assessment Pattern
S.NO. ELEMENTS MARKS

1 Lab. MST 15

2 Exercises 1 to 10 30 Marks each ( Total 300 converted to 45)

12
 Applications
• Projection of solids are used to find out the shape of solid inclined to a plane (E.g. prism,
pyramid, cone & cylinder).
• Projection of solids are also used to find out the front, top and side views of solids.

Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 13

 Frequently Asked Questions
• What is the classification of solids?
• How many faces does a tetrahedron have?
• What is a generator of a cone?
• What is the rule to be followed to draw projections of solids if the solid is inclined to one
principal plane?

Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 14

 Recommended Books
• Rhodes R.S, Cook L.B; Basic Engineering Drawing, Pitman Publishers,
• Rana and Shah; Engineering Drawing, Pearson Education India Publishers.
• Jolhe D.A; Engineering Drawing: With an Introduction to AutoCAD,  Tata McGraw Hill
• Gill P.S; Engineering Drawing, S.K. Kataria and Sons Publications.
• Dhawan R. K; Engineering Drawing, S. Chand and Sons Publishers.

Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 15

 References
• http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112103019/15
• http://www.brainkart.com/article/Projection-of-Solids-and-Section-of-Solids_6520/
• http://www.it.griet.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/III_UNIT-_SOLIDS-OK.pdf

Engineering Graphics and Drawing MET-164 16

THANK YOU

For queries
Email: MEP-117_2019@gmail.com