Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared by:
M. Sundra Pandian, M.E., M.B.A.
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore - 10
Course Objective
Computerized
Drawing
Manual
Drawing
Allocation of Internal Marks
A3 size
Drawing Sheet Dimensions
Drawing Sheet Dimensions
Drawing Sheet Dimensions
Drawing Sheet Dimensions
Lettering
Uppercase Vertical
Lettering
Lowercase Vertical
Lettering
Numbers Vertical
Lettering
Uppercase Slanted
Lettering
Lowercase Slanted
Numbers Slanted
Lettering
10 mm 3 mm
Cap Line
3mm
10 Waist Line
mm 7mm
Base Line
3mm
Drop Line
Lettering
Line Types
Line Types – Sample Drawing
Thick Lines Thin Chain –
– Visible Axis Line
Edges
Thin Lines –
Construction Dashed Lines –
Lines Hidden Edges
Dimensioning
The dimensioning is an important part of drawing
as it indicates the size and other details of the
components drawn.
The following 3 lines are the components of
dimensioning. 2 2
1
1. Dimension Line
2. Extension Line 3
3. Leader Line
Dimension Line
Extension Line
Leader Line
Leader Line: A straight inclined thin solid line that
is usually end by an arrowhead, dot or without any
features.
Arrow Heads
3 mm
1 mm
Arrow Heads
Missing
dimensioning
diameter ø
TITLE:
NAME :
REG. NO. : DEPT. :
YEAR / SEM / SEC. :
3
SCALE:
DATE:
MARKS: CHECKED BY:
170
Folding of A3 Drawing Sheet
1 2
Folding of A3 Drawing Sheet
3 4
Folding of A3 Drawing Sheet
5 6
Folding of A3 Drawing Sheet
7
Geometrical Construction
Point Line
Curve
Compound Line
Lines and Curves
Straight
Line
Regular
Curve
P1 P2
(x1,y1,z1) (x2,y2,z2)
Irregular
Curves
Geometrical Construction
Geometrical Shapes
Geometrical Shapes
C D
C
90° 90°
60° 60°
A B A B
D D
C
E C
E O
72° 90°
90°
72° 72°
A B A B
Method 1 Method 2
Geometrical Shapes
Hexagon
E D E D
F F C
C
O
60° 60°
A B A B
Method 1 Method 2
Note: Hexagon
1. If the distance between the opposite corners / vertices is given, the hexagon is
inscribed in a circle of diameter equal to the given distance.
2. If the distance between the opposite sides is given, the hexagon is circumscribed in
a circle of diameter equal to the given distance.
Case 1: Case 2:
Distance across Distance across
Corners is given Sides is given
Bisections and Dividing of Lines
Dividing of a Line into ‘n’ Equal Parts
A line segment of known length can be easily divided into
desired smaller line segments if the total length is easily divisible
by the no. of parts to be divided.
For e.g. Dividing a 60 mm line into 6 segments or parts and 75
mm line into 5 equal parts.
Let say, if the 60 mm line is to be divided into 8 equal parts or
100 mm line to be divided into 13 parts.
It will then be difficult (although its not impossible) to divide
by using a ruler or a divider.
So the following method is adopted.
Dividing of a Line in ‘n’ Equal Parts
Let us divide the following line (of any length) into ‘n’ equal
parts.
If n = 7, then draw a line from ‘A’ at any convenient acute (<
90°) angle of length with length = n * 10 = 7*10 = 70 mm.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A B
10
70
C
Scale
Scales are used when the actual drawing is too large or too small
to be drawn as per the given dimensions.
So the drawing has to be either “zoomed down” or “zoomed up”
according so that it fits the drawing sheet.
Suitable zooming ratio is chosen as twice, thrice bigger of half,
quarter or any other size smaller.
This technique of drawing a bigger object into a smalle version
and vice-versa is known as Scaling and the ratio of zooming in or out
is called Scale.
Scale = Size of Drawing / Actual Size
Scale – Scaled Down
Scale – Scaled Up
Scale
Scale = Size of Drawing / Actual Size
Conics
Point
Focus Focus
V F Axis
C C’
V F Axis
C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
H • Draw vertical lines
through points 1,2,3,…
and they cut CG
extended line at 1’,
2’,3’ , … and they cut
50 the line CH at 1’’, 2’’,
3’’, ….
V F Axis
C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
H • Repeat this
P1’’ process and get
points P2’ & P2’’,
1’’
2’’ P3’ & P3’’, ...
3’’
4’’
50 5’’ • Join all these
6’’
7’’ points with a
8’’ smooth curve.
9’’
10’’
All dimensions are in mm
To draw Tangent & Normal to Ellipse
N • Choose a random
Directrix point, P on the
ellipse.
• Join points F & P.
Q • Draw a to FP @
F and it will
intersect the
directrix at Q.
V F Axis
C
• Join QP and
P extend. This is the
tangent to the
Normal ellipse at point P.
• Draw a to this
tangent passing
through point P.
Tangent This is the Normal
T to the ellipse at
point P.
All dimensions are in mm
Construction of Conics - Parabola
V F Axis
C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • Repeat the same
steps used for
H P1’’ ellipse to finish
the parabolic
curve.
1’’ • Repeat the same
2’’
60 3’’ steps used to
4’’
5’’ draw the tangent
6’’ and normal to the
7’’
8’’ parabolic curve.
9’’
All dimensions are in mm
Construction of Conics - Hyperbola
V F Axis
C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H • Repeat the same
steps used for
ellipse and
1’’ parabola to draw
2’’ the tangent and
70 3’’
4’’ normal.
5’’
6’’
7’’
8’’
9’’
All dimensions are in mm
Syllabus
Curve Constructions and Orthographic Projection (Module 1)
Exercise No. 1
Draw the alphabets- uppercase and lowercase and numbers both
in vertical and slanted modes.
Assignment 2
Exercise No. 1
a. 15 25
b.
15 10 5 25
20 10
25 25
50
c.
d.
20 ? 10
20
R? 20
20 30 10
5 20
20
60 50 50
Assignment 3
Minor
Axis
Major
Axis
Dividing a straight line into ‘n’ equals parts
60
mm
Rough Draft
72° 72°
72° 72°
A B