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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III-CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

WORKSHEETS
IN
PRE-CALCULUS
FIRST QUARTER (MELC-BASED)
Table of Contents

Lesson MELC Duration K-12 CG Code Page


No. No.
Cover Page 1
Table of Contents 2
illustrate the different types of STEM_PC11AGIa-1
conic sections: parabola,
1.1
ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and
Week 1
degenerate cases 3
define a Circle STEM_PC11AGIa-2
1.2 determine the standard form STEM_PC11AGIa-3
of equation of a circle
define a parabola STEM _PC11AG-Ia-5
determine the standard form STEM _PC11AG-Ib-1
2 Week 2 5
of equation of a
parabola
define an ellipse STEM _PC11AG-Ic-1
3 determine the standard form Week 3 STEM _PC11AG-Ic-2 7
of equation of an ellipse
define a hyperbola STEM _PC11AG-Id-1
4 determine the standard form Week 4 STEM _PC11AG-Id-2 10
of equation of a hyperbola
recognize the equation and STEM_PC11AGIe-1
important characteristics of
5.1 12
the different types of conic
Week 5-6
sections
solve situational problems STEM_PC11AGIe-2
5.2 14
involving conic sections
illustrate a series STEM_PC11SMI-lh-1
6.1 differentiate a series from a STEM_PC11SMI-lh-2 21
sequence
use the sigma notation to Week 7-9 STEM_PC11SMI-lh-3
represent a series
6.2 27
apply the use of sigma STEM_PC11SMI-lh-4
notation in finding sums

Compendium of Notes in Pre-Calculus


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CIRCLE
A. Determine the center and radius given the equation of a circle in standard form.

1. (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 64 4. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 121

1 2
(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+ )
2
2. (𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦2 =4 5. + =1
9 9

3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 49 6. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 81

B. Determine the standard equation of the following circles with the given properties:

1. with C(2,3) and passes through P(0, 5)

2. with endpoints of its diameter at (1, 6) and (-3, -2)

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3. with C(-1, 5) and passes through P(3, 7) 5. with C(6, -11) and r = √2

4. with C(5, 7) and r = 7 6.with C(0, -1) and r = 2√5

C. Use the information provided to write the standard form equation of each circle. Write
the letter of your answer on space provided before each item.

1. Center: (2, -14) & Point on Circle: (-2, -16)


A) (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 14)2 = 20 C) (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 14)2 = 20
B) (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 14)2 = 20 D) (𝑥 − 14)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 400

2. Center: (3, 0) & Point on Circle: (-12, 1)


A) 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 16 C) (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 226
B) 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 226 D) (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 226

3. The points on the circle: (-6, 3), (-4, 3), and (-4, 17)
A) (𝑥 − 9)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 2500 C) (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 − 10)2 = 50
2 2
B) (𝑥 − 5) + (𝑦 − 10) = 2500 D) (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 − 10)2 = 2500

4. Center: (10, 16) & Point on Circle: (8, 18)


A) (𝑥 − 10)2 + (𝑦 − 16)2 = 8 C) (𝑥 + 15)2 + (𝑦 − 9)2 = 64
B) (𝑥 − 10)2 + (𝑦 + 16)2 = 8 D) (𝑥 − 10)2 + (𝑦 − 16)2 = 64

5. Center: (-4, 13) & Point on Circle: (-4, 9)


A) (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 13)2 = 16 C) (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 15)2 = 256
B) (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 13)2 = 1 D) (𝑥 + 12)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 256

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PARABOLA
A. Determine the standard equation of the parabola using the given information.

1. vertex 𝑉(0,0) , focus 𝐹(2, 0) , directrix 𝑥 = – 2

Answer:

2. vertex 𝑉(0, 0) , focus 𝐹(0, −3) ,directrix 𝑦 = 3

Answer:

3. vertex 𝑉(– 2, 3) ,focus 𝐹(– 4, 3)

Answer:

4. vertex 𝑉(2, 6) ,directrix 𝑦 = – 2

Answer:

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B. Determine the vertex, focus, directrix, and axis of symmetry of the parabola using the given
information.

1. 𝑥 2 = 12𝑦

Answer
vertex: focus: directrix: axis of symmetry:

2. 𝑦 2 = – 20𝑥

Answer
vertex: focus: directrix: axis of symmetry:

3. (𝑦 − 7)2 = −4(𝑥 + 1)

Answer
vertex: focus: directrix: axis of symmetry:

4. (𝑥 − 3)2 = −14(𝑦 − 2)

Answer
vertex: focus: directrix: axis of symmetry:

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ELLIPSE
A. Given the following, determine the standard equation of the ellipse.

1. Center (0,0) , Horizontal Ellipse, a = 3, b = 2

Answer:

2. Center (0,0), Vertical Ellipse, a = 6, b = 5

Answer:

3. Center (-1,6), Vertical Ellipse, a = 9, b = 8

Answer:

4. Center (2,3), Vertical Ellipse, a = 7, b = 4

Answer:

5. Center (-4,0), Horizontal Ellipse, a = 4, b = 2

Answer:

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B. Given the following, determine the standard equation of the ellipse.

1. Center (0,0) , focus (0, √7), vertex (0, 4)

Answer:

2
2. Center (2, 0), focus (2, 6), e =
3

Answer:

3. C(6,-4), focus (6+2√7,-4), vertex (0, -4)

Answer:

√21
4. C(4,-2), focus (1,-2) e =
5

Answer:

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Determine the center, vertices, foci, and equation of directrices of the following.

1.
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
49 25

Answer
Center: Vertices: Foci: Directrices:

2.
(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑦 − 1)2
+ =1
64 36

Answer
Center: Vertices: Foci: Directrices:

3.
𝑥 2 (𝑦 − 2)2
+ =1
25 81

Answer
Center: Vertices: Foci: Directrices:

4.
(𝑥 + 5)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
+ =1
9 7

Answer
Center Vertices Foci: Directices:

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HYPERBOLA
A. Given the following, determine the standard equation of the hyperbola. Use additional sheets
if necessary.
1. Horizontal transverse axis, centered at the origin, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2

2. Horizontal transverse axis, centered at the (0, −5), 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 5

3. Vertical transverse axis, centered at the origin, 𝑎 = √5, 𝑏 = 8

4. Horizontal transverse axis, centered at the (−3, 2), 𝑎 = 7, 𝑏 = 2

5. Vertices at (3, 0) and (−3, 0) and one of the foci at (5, 0)

6. Vertices at (1, 1) and (11, 1) and one of the foci at (12, 1)

7. Center: (0, 0); vertex: (2, 0); one of the foci at (3, 0)

8. Center: (5, 3); vertex: (11, 3); one of the foci at (-2, 3)

9. Vertices (0, 5) and (0, −5), foci (0, √29) and (0, −√29)

10. The center is at (2, −3), focus at (2, −3 + √10) and the length of the transverse axis is 5.

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B. For the following exercises, determine the center, foci, vertices, and asymptotes.
𝑥2
− 𝑦2 = 1
2

Answer
Center Foci Vertices Asymptote

(𝑥+1)2 (𝑦−5)2
− =1
81 100

Answer
Center Foci Vertices Asymptote

𝑦2 𝑥2
− =1
4 49

Answer
Center Foci Vertices Asymptote

(𝑦 − 5)2 (𝑥 − 3)2
− =1
121 25

Answer
Center Foci Vertices Asymptote

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EQUATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS


OF CONIC SECTIONS
A. Classify each given equation to their corresponding conic section.

1. 𝑥 2 − 16 = 8𝑦 ____________________________________

𝑥2 𝑦2
2. + =1 ____________________________________
81 36

3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 20 ____________________________________

4. 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 ____________________________________

𝑦2 𝑥2
5. − =1 ____________________________________
100 100

6. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 225 ____________________________________

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−3)2
7. + =1 ____________________________________
25 10

8. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 − 4 ____________________________________

9. 𝑦 2 = 4 + 𝑥 2 ____________________________________

𝑦2
10. (𝑥 + 5)2 + =1 ____________________________________
49

11. 9𝑥 2 − 16(𝑦 + 3)2 = −169 ____________________________________

12. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 75 = −𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 ____________________________________

13. 4𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 9 = 0 ____________________________________

14. 16𝑥 2 + 25(𝑦 + 3)2 = 1600 ____________________________________

15. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 36 ____________________________________

16. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −1 ____________________________________

17. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 4 ____________________________________

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18. 𝑥 2 − 4 = 8𝑦 + 2 ____________________________________

𝑦2
19. − (𝑥 + 4)2 = 1 ____________________________________
9

20. 𝑥 = (𝑦 − 4)2 + 1 ____________________________________

B. Solve the following problems explicitly. Show your complete solutions on the space provided
for.

1. Determine whether a circle exists if it 2. Determine the vertex, focus, directrix,


has an equation of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − and axis of symmetry of the parabola
10𝑦 + 34 = 0. with the equation 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 0.
Solutions: Solutions:

3. Determine whether an ellipse exists if it 4. Determine whether a hyperbola exists


has an equation of 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 24𝑥 + if it has an equation of 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 +
36𝑦 − 36 = 0. 6𝑥 + 36𝑦 = 18.
Solutions: Solutions:

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SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING


CONIC SECTIONS
Direction. Write your solutions and answers on the provided spaces. You may use additional
sheets if necessary.

I. Circle

1. Engr. Rizal is building a circular fountain and a concrete walkway around it. On his
sketch drawn on a Cartesian Coordinate plane, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 36 = 0 represents the
fountain and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 64 = 0 represents the outer edge of the walkway.
a. Use the equations given to determine the radius of each circle.

b. Determine the combined area of the fountain and the concrete walkway.

c. Determine the area of the walkway.

d. Determine the circumference of the outer edge of the walkway.

2. Sisa is planning for her resort miniature project. On her sketch, there is a circular pool
on (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 − 10 = 0 and a walkway around it with an outer edge on
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 − 18 = 0.
a. Use the equations given to determine the radius of each circle.

b. Determine the area of the pool and the concrete walkway combined.

c. Determine the area of the walkway.

d. Determine the circumference of the outer edge of the walkway.

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3. The layout of a garden is shown below. A pond is to be built in the center region. What
is the equation of the largest circular pond centered at the origin that would fit within
the walkways?

4. The town of Santa Ignacia is located about 20 km west and 16 km north of Tarlac
National High School. In 1990, an earthquake hit Luzon. Suppose its epicenter is about
90 km from Santa Ignacia. Assume that the origin of a coordinate plane is located at
the center of Tarlac National High School. Write an equation for the set of points that
are possible to be the epicenter of the earthquake.

5. A ferris wheel is elevated 2 m above ground. When Gabriela Silang reached the highest
point on the ferris wheel, her altitude from ground level is 32 m. How far away from
the center, horizontally, is Gabriela Silang when she is at an altitude of 26 m? (Hint: Let
the center of the base, which touches the ground, of the ferris wheel be at the origin.)

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II. Parabola

1. The profit from selling Chicharon is given by 𝑦 = −200𝑥 2 + 92,000𝑥 − 8,400,000


where 𝑥 is the price (in pesos) per kilo. Carlos is studying the equation to determine
the selling price that he’ll set.
a. What selling price/s will the profit be zero?

b. What is the selling price that will give him the largest profit?

c. What is his largest possible profit?

2. A satellite dish shaped like a paraboloid has its receiver located at the focus. How far is
the receiver from the vertex if the dish is 10 ft across and 3 ft deep at the center?

3. A satellite dish is shaped like a paraboloid, with the receiver placed at the focus. It is to
have a depth of 0.36 m at the vertex, with the receiver placed 0.09 m away from the
vertex. What should the diameter of the satellite dish be?

4. The bamboos supporting a clothesline wire are 10 m apart and 2 m high. Suppose the
wire hangs, following the shape of a parabola, with its lowest point 1.8 m above the
ground. How high is the point 2 m away from a bamboo?

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5. A microphone is placed at the focus of a parabolic reflector to collect sound for the
television broadcast of Palarong Pambansa. The distance between the microphone and
the reflector’s vertex is 10 in. Write an equation for the cross section, assuming that
the focus is at (3,2) and the parabola opens to the left.

III. Ellipse

1. A receptionist’s table is designed to be elliptical, with dimensions of 10 feet by 4 feet.


Assume that the center of the table is the origin. Write an equation that models the
shape of the table if it is oriented horizontally.

2. Suppose the track and field path in New Clark City grandstand is in the shape of an
ellipse. It is 176.91 m long and 92.5 m wide.
a. What is the width of the track 15 m from either vertex? Round off the final answer
to two decimal places only.

b. If two people will stand at the foci of the grandstand, how far are they from each
other? Round off the final answer to two decimal places only.

3. A 40-ft wide tunnel has the shape of a semi-ellipse that is 5 ft high at a distance of 2 ft
from either end. How high is the tunnel at its center? (Hint: Consider the equation of
an ellipse with the same properties as the semi-ellipse.)

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4. Diwata-1 is a microsatellite launched by the Department of Science and Technology


(DOST). Diwata-1’s orbit is an ellipse with Earth as one focus. Suppose the maximum
distance from Diwata-1 to Earth is 400 km and the minimum distance is 300 km, find
the equation of the ellipse in a Cartesian coordinate system where Earth is at the origin.
Assume that the minimum distance is achieved when Di wata-1 is to the right of Earth.
(Hint: The orientation of the ellipse depends on where the minimum distance occurs.)

5. Radiation is focused to an unhealthy area in a patient’s body using a semi-elliptic


reflector, positioned in such a way that the target area is at one focus while the source
of radiation is at the other. If the reflector is 100 cm wide and 30 cm high at the center,
how far should the radiation source and the target area be from the ends of the
reflector? Round off the final answer to two decimal places only.

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IV. Hyperbola

1. A drum and lyre group preparing for the Kanlahi festival was heard in two buildings 500
m apart, located at F1(−250,0) and F2(250,0). If their music was heard in F2 three
seconds before it was heard in F1, identify the possible locations of the drum and lyre
group. Use 340 m/s as the speed of sound.

2. A horn blow was heard in two nipa huts in Dueg which are 1 000 m apart, located at
F1(−500,100) and F2(500,100). If the sound was heard in F2 two seconds before it was
heard in F1, identify the possible locations of the person who blew the horn. Use 340
m/s as the speed of sound.

3. Two radio stations are located 150 miles apart, where station A is west of station B.
Radio signals are being transmitted simultaneously by both stations, travelling at a rate
of 0.2 miles/µsec. A plane travelling at 60 miles above ground level has just passed by
station B and is headed towards the other station. If the signal from B arrives at the
plane 480 µsec before the signal sent from A, determine the location of the plane.

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4. Write an equation to model the hyperbolic mirror’s surface based on the illustration
below.

5. In the figure, an aircraft is guided by a navigation system that employs hyperbolic


tracking. Write an equation that models the depicted hyperbola.

References:

Real World Examples of Quadratic Equations. (n.d.). Retrieved from


https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/quadratic-equation-real-world.html

Conic_sections [PDF]. (n.d.). Downloaded from


https://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/563/576542/conic_sections.pdf

Chapter 8: Conic Sections[PDF]. (n.d.). Downloaded from


https://math24seven.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/2/8/4828203/chapter_8.pdf

Teaching Guide in Senior High School Precalculus [PDF]. (2016). Quezon City: Commission on
Higher Education.

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SEQUENCE AND SERIES

Direction: Read each problems carefully, then answer with complete solution.
Sequence
1. Find the next four terms of each sequence.
a. 1, 5, 25, 125, …

b. 16, 12, 8, 4, …

1 1 1
c. 1, , , , …
4 9 16

d. –3, 6, –12, 24, …

e. 6, 16, 36, 66, …

f. 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, …

2. Find the next four terms of each sequence. If you cannot find the next four terms, then
explain why.
a. the dates in June with rains: 2, 3, 8, 12, …

b. the number of motorcycles that pass in the street every time it rains: 192, 203,
205, 198, …

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c. the number of bacteria in a petri dish each hour: 48, 96, 192, 384, …

d. Lenezy’s annual salary: Php 250 000, Php 275 000, Php 300 000, Php 325 000, …

e. the number of frontliners waiting at a bus each day: 121,152, 139, 147, …

3. Joy drops a ball from a height of 20 m. After each bounce, the height of the ball’s
bounce is one-half the height of the ball’s previous bounce.
a. Write the sequence that shows the height of the ball’s bounce after each of its first
five bounces.

b. What is the height of the ball’s bounce after the tenth bounce?

c. Is this sequence finite or infinite? Explain your answer.

Recursive Sequence
1. Write the first five terms of each recursive sequence.
a. 𝑡1 = 4, 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑡𝑛−1 + 5

b. 𝑡1 = −3, 𝑡𝑛 = 2𝑡𝑛−1 − 2

𝑡𝑛−1
c. 𝑡1 = 5, 𝑡𝑛 =
𝑛

d. The first term is −5 and the second term is 7. Any other term is the sum of the two
previous terms.

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e. The first term is 22. Any other term is 2 less than the previous term.

2. Write a recursive formula for each sequence.


a. 2, 7, 12, 17, …

b. −2, 4, −8, 16, …

c. 243, 81, 27, 9, 3, …

d. 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, …

1 1 1 1
e. , , , ,…
4 8 16 32

3. Every person has two parents, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents, and so on.
a. Write a recursive formula for the sequence of the number of ancestors going back
each generation for any person.

b. How many ancestors does each person have going back for eight generations?

Arithmetic Sequence
1. Determine whether each sequence is arithmetic. If a sequence is arithmetic, then
determine the common difference.
a. 4, 11, 15, 19, …

b. 5, 6, 5, 6, …

c. 32, 23, 14, 5, …

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2. Determine the number of terms in each arithmetic sequence.


a. 8, 15, 22, 29, … , 99

b. 21, 17, 13, 9, … , −35

c. −92, −84, −76, −68, … , 52

3. A pile of bricks has 85 bricks in the bottom row, 81 bricks in the second row, 77 bricks
in the third row, and so on. There is only one brick in the top row.
a. How many bricks are in the 13th row?

b. How many rows are there in the pile?

Geometric Sequence
1. Identify which sequence are geometric. For each geometric, determine the common
ratio.
a. 4, 12, 20, 28, …

b. –5, 15, –45, 135, …

1 1 1 1
c. , , , ,…
4 8 16 32

2. The half-life of a radioactive substance is 10 mins. How much of 500 g of this substance
will remain after 8 hours?

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Arithmetic Series
1. For each series, calculate 𝑡10 and 𝑆10 .
a. 2 + 10 + 18 + 26 + …

b. –18 –11 –4 +3 + …

1 1 5 7
c. + + + +…
6 2 6 6

2. An usher was asked to count the number of seats in an auditorium. The auditorium had
25 rows of seats. He counted the 59 seats in the last row at the back and noticed that
each subsequent row toward the front row had two fewer seats than the row before
it. How many seats are in the auditorium?

Geometric Series
1. Determine whether each of the following series is geometric. For each series that is
geometric, determine the common ratio.
a. 400 + 200 + 100 + 50 + …

b. 24 − 28 + 32 − 36 + 40 + …

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c. −3000 + 4500 − 6750 + 10125 − …

1 1 1 1
d. − + − + …
4 8 16 32

e. 0.4 + 0.04 + .004 + .0004 + …

2. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) board
established a phone tree to contact all of its personnel in case of emergencies or
inclement weather. Each of the three superintendents calls three personnel who can
in turn calls three other personnel, and so on. How many rounds of phone calls are
needed to notify all 9840 personnel?

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SERIES AND SIGMA NOTATION

I. Expand the following sigma notation and determine the sum of the series represented.
Show your solution on the space provided for.

1. ∑ 2𝑛 + 1
𝑛=1

2.
∑5
𝑛=1

4
3. ∑𝑛+4
𝑛=1

3
1
4. ∑
𝑛
𝑛=2

7
1
5. ∑ 32(− )𝑛−1
2
𝑛=1

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II. Convert the following series into its equivalent Sigma Notation. Show two sigma
notations and find the sum if possible.

1. 8 + 27 + 64 + 125 + 216

2. 12 + 16 + 20 + … + 32

3. -3 + -6 + -12 +…, n=9

4. -3 + -2 + -4/3 +-8/9 + -16/27

5. 11/8 + 15/8 + 19/8 + 23/8 + 27/8

Contributors:
Deo Angelo G. Agustin
Raymart T. Castro
Nathaniel I. Cortez
Ric A. Manalastas
Engr. Albert T. Santiago
Mark Rustom C. Valentin

28
Department of Education - Schools Division of Tarlac Province

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