SHS

PRE- CALCULUS
Quarter 1 – Week 4
Module 5: HYPERBOLAS
Pre-Calculus – SHS
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Hyperbola

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: CYNTHIA U. SEVA and JOY P. FRAGO
Editors: NENITA D. BAGADIONG, MERCY A. GAMBA, JUBELLE GRACE B.
LAGAJINO, MELANY D. PANGILINAN, GRACE E. PURA, GRAZIELLE C.
TAN, CHAD LOWE V. VILLARROYA
Reviewers: JERRY G. FIRMANES, QA and Validation Team
Illustrators: CYNTHIA U. SEVA and JOY P. FRAGO
Layout Artist: CHAD LOWE V. VILLARROYA, ANTONIO L. MORADA
 QUARTER 1
MODULE 5

I. Title of Material/Introduction:

HYPERBOLAS

The hyperbola is the last type of conics that we shall consider. Just like ellipse,
it is a conic that most students have not encountered formally before. In module 1, it
was viewed only as two unbounded curves when a plane (not necessarily vertical) cuts
both nappes but does not pass through the vertex.
In this module, we will present hyperbola as an unbounded curve drawn on the
rectangular plane. Its geometric properties and representations shall be considered for
the definition, and eventually the analytic representation or equation will be derived.
The equation that will be discussed here is limited to standard form only.

II. Competencies/ Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
a. define a hyperbola; and
b. determine the standard form of equation of hyperbola; and

Specifically, you are expected to:

a. identify a hyperbola and its properties; and
b. find the standard form of equation of a hyperbola.
III. Vocabulary List:
Hyperbola - the locus of a point that moves such that the difference of its
distances from two fixed points called the foci is constant. The constant
difference is equal to 2a, which is the length of the transverse axis.
Midpoint Formula – the midpoint (𝑥, 𝑦) of a line segment through from (𝑥1, 𝑦1 )
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
and (𝑥2, 𝑦2 ) is (𝑥, 𝑦) = ( 2
, 2 ).

Distance Formula - the distance between point (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) and (𝑥2, 𝑦2 ) is given
by 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 .

Are you now ready to add more knowledge about hyperbola and its
standard form of equation? Check out this Pretest.

IV. Pre-Test:
Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Write the letter
of the correct answer on your answer sheet. Take note of the items that you were not
able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.
1. Which of these statements is true about hyperbolas?
A. Hyperbola cannot be graphed on a rectangular coordinate plane.
B. Hyperbolas consist of two similar curves.
C. Hyperbolas are the only member of the conic section category.
D. Hyperbolas are the set of all points an equal distance from the center.

1
 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+3)2
2. What is the center of the hyperbola with equation − = 1?
9 27
A. (2,-3) B. (-2,3) C. (-3,2) D. (3,-2)
3. What are the coordinates of the foci of the hyperbola in item #2?
A. (2,3) and (2,-9) C. (-4,-3) and (8,-3)
B. (2,-3–3√3) and (2,-3+3√3) D. (-1,-3) and (5,-3)
4. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola whose foci are at (-4,-3) and (-4,13)
such that the absolute value of the difference of the distances of any point from
the foci is 14.
(𝑦−5)2 (𝑥+4)2 (𝑥+4)2 (𝑦−5)2
A. 49
− 15
=1 C. 49
− 15
=1
(𝑦−5)2 (𝑥+4)2 (𝑥+4)2 (𝑦−5)2
B. − =1 D. − =1
15 49 15 49
5. Determine the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola with center at (7, −2),
vertex at (7, 3) and the conjugate axis has length 6 units.
(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥−7)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+7)2
A. 9
− 25
=1 C. 25
− 9
=1
(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−7)2 (𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+7)2
B. 25
− 9
=1 D. 9
− 25
=1

To help you understand better about hyperbola and its standard form of
equation, let’s analyze each learning situation using the given figures.

V. Learning Activities:

Learning Situation 1: Definition of a hyperbola

Study the figure below..

https://www.geogebra.org/calculator

Figure 1

2
Consider the points
𝐴(5, 0), 𝐵(−5, 0), 𝐶(3.75, −3), 𝐷(−5, 5.33), 𝐸(4, 3.52), 𝐹(−3.35, 2) in figure 1.

What is the absolute value of the difference of the distances of 𝐶 from

𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵? How about the absolute value of the difference of the distances of 𝐷
from 𝐴 and 𝐵?of 𝐸 from 𝐴 and 𝐵? of 𝐹from 𝐴 and 𝐵?

Before you can answer these questions, you have to find first the distance
between the two points indicated above using the distance formula,

Distance Formula: The distance between points 𝑃(𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) and 𝑄(𝑥2, 𝑦2 ) is

𝑑 = 𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 .

By substitution,
Let us find 𝐴𝐶, 𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐷, 𝐴𝐸, 𝐵𝐸, 𝐴𝐹, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐹.

𝐴𝐶 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 𝐵𝐶 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝐴 = √(3.75 − 5)2 + (−3 − 0)2 𝐵𝐶 = √(3.75 − (−5))2 + (−3 − 0)2

𝐴𝐶 = √(−1.25)2 + (−3)2 𝐵𝐶 = √(8.75)2 + (−3)2

𝐴𝐶 = √1.5625 + 9 𝐴𝐶 = √76.5625 + 9
𝐴𝐶 = √10.5625 𝐴𝐶 = √85.5625
𝐴𝐶 = 3.25 𝐴𝐶 = 9.25

𝐴𝐷 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 𝐵𝐷 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝐴𝐷 = √(−5 − 5)2 + (5.33 − 0)2 𝐵𝐷 = √(−5 − (−5))2 + (5.33 − 0)2

𝐴𝐷 = √(−10)2 + (5.33)2 𝐵𝐷 = √0)2 + (5.33)2

𝐴𝐷 = √100 + 28.4089 𝐵𝐷 = √0 + 28.4089

𝐴𝐷 = √128.4089 𝐵𝐷 = √28.4089
𝐴𝐷 = 11.33 𝐵𝐷 = 5.33

𝐴𝐸 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 𝐵𝐸 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝐴𝐸 = √(4 − 5)2 + (3.52 − 0)2 𝐵𝐸 = √(4 − (−5))2 + (3.52 − 0)2

𝐴𝐸 = √(−)2 + (3.52)2 𝐵𝐸 = √92 + (3.52)2

𝐴𝐸 = √1 + 12.3904 𝐵𝐸 = √81 + 12.3904

𝐴𝐸 = √13.3904 𝐵𝐸 = √93.3904

𝐴𝐸 = 3.66 𝐵𝐸 = 9.66

3
 𝐴𝐹 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 𝐵𝐹 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝐴𝐹 = √(−3.35 − 5)2 + (2 − 0)2 𝐵𝐹 = √(−3.35 − (−5))2 + (2 − 0)2

𝐴𝐹 = √(−8.35)2 + (2)2 𝐵𝐹 = √(1.65)2 + (2)2

𝐴𝐹 = √69.7225 + 4 𝐵𝐹 = √2.7225 + 4

𝐴𝐹 = √73.7225 𝐵𝐹 = √6.7225
𝐴𝐹 = 8.59 𝐵𝐹 = 2.59

Let’s now summarize our answers using the given table as reference.

Distance between Two Points Difference Absolute value of

the difference
𝐴𝐶 = 3.25 𝐵𝐶 = 9.25 3.25 − 9.25 = 6 6
𝐴𝐷 = 11.33 𝐵𝐷 = 5.33 11.33 − 5.33 = 6 6
𝐴𝐸 = 3.66 𝐵𝐸 = 9.66 3.66 − 9.66 = −6 6
𝐴𝐹 = 8.59 𝐵𝐹 = 2.59 8.59 − 2.59 = 6 6

Obviously, we can see that the absolute value of the difference of the distances
of points on the curve from the fixed points 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 is constant. There are other points
𝑃 such that |𝐴𝑃 − 𝐵𝑃| = 6. The collection of all such points forms a shape called
hyperbola, which consists of two branches.
Based on the relationships shown, we now formally give the definition of a
hyperbola, see figure 2.
Definition of a Hyperbola
Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all points 𝑃, whose distances from 𝐹1
and from 𝐹2 differ by a certain constant, is called a hyperbola. The points 𝐹1 and 𝐹2
are called the foci of the hyperbola.

Deped Pre-Calculus Learner’s Module

Figure 2

4
 Let us learn more about some special features of a hyperbola. Look at the following
figures.

Image Source: CollegeAlgebra_15_ConicSections_

Figure 2
𝑙2
𝑙1

Figure 3 Figure 4
1. Center: 𝐶(0, 0)
• It is the intersection of two axes (conjugate and transverse axis)
2. Foci: 𝐹1 (−𝑐, 0)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 (𝑐, 0)
• Each point is c units away from the center.
• For any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value of the difference of
its distances from the foci is 2𝑎.
3. Vertices: 𝑉1 (−𝑎, 0)𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑉2 0)(𝑎,
• The vertices are points on the hyperbola, collinear with the center and
the foci.
• Each vertex is 𝑎 units away from the center; if 𝑦 = 0, then 𝑥 ± 𝑎.
• It is the endpoints of the transverse axis.
4. Co-vertices: 𝑊1 (0, 𝑏)𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑊2 (0, −𝑏)
• The co-vertices are the endpoints of the conjugate axis.
𝑏 𝑏
5. Asymptotes: 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = − 𝑎 𝑥, the lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 in Figure 4
• The asymptotes of the hyperbola are two lines passing through the
center which serve as a guide in graphing the hyperbola; each branch
of the hyperbola gets closer and closer t-o the asymptotes, in the
direction towards which the branch extends.

5
 • Roughly speaking, an asymptote of a curve is a straight line which the
curve approaches indefinitely near but never touches it. (We need the
concept of limits from calculus to explain this).
6. Transverse axis
• It the line segment that connects the vertices. It has a length equal to
2a.
.7. Conjugate axis
• It is the line segment that connects the co-vertices. It has a length equal
to 2b.

Before you proceed to learning situation 2, study the example below.

Example1. Determine the foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the hyperbola.

Answer: foci 𝐹1 (−6, 0) and 𝐹2 (6, 0), vertices 𝑣1 (−4, 0) and 𝑉2 (4, 0), and
√5 −√5
asymptotes 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 and 𝑦 = 2
𝑥

Are you now ready for the next situation? The succeeding discussion focuses on the
standard form of an equation of a hyperbola. Study the situation and analyze carefully
the examples given.
Learning Situation 2:
Standard Form of Equation of a Hyperbola
A. With Center at the Origin
For you to understand well the standard equations of the hyperbola; we will present
the derivation of the first equation.

Figure 5

6
In figure 5, given are two points on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, 𝐹1 (−𝑐, 0) and 𝐹2 (𝑐, 0), the foci, each
is 𝑐 units away from the center. Let 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) be a point on the hyperbola, and let the
absolute value of the difference of the distances of 𝑃 from 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 , be 2𝑎. Thus,
|𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 | = 2𝑎 or this can also be written as
|𝑃𝐹1 | − |𝑃𝐹2 | = ±2𝑎

or √(𝑥 + 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 − √(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 = ±2𝑎

Here, we assume that 𝑃 is closer to 𝐹2 so 𝑃𝐹1 > 𝑃𝐹2, and 𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 = 2𝑎.

𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 = 2𝑎

√(𝑥 + 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 − √(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎

√(𝑥 + 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎 + √(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2

2 2
(√(𝑥 + 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 ) = (2𝑎 + √(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 )

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑐 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎√𝑥 2 − 2𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑥 2 − 2𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑦 2

4𝑐𝑥 = 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎√𝑥 2 − 2𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑦 2

4𝑐𝑥 − 4𝑎2 = 4𝑎√𝑥 2 − 2𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑦 2

4(𝑐𝑥 − 𝑎2 ) = 4(𝑎√𝑥 2 − 2𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑦 2 )

4
𝑐𝑥 − 𝑎2 = 𝑎√(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2
2
(𝑐𝑥 − 𝑎2 )2 = (𝑎√(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 )

(𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 )𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 (𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 )

𝑏 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2 by letting 𝑏 = √𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 > 0
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑎2
− 𝑏2 = 1, This is the equation of the hyperbola
with center at the origin and the transverse axis is on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
However, if the foci are on the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 at 𝐹1 (0, −3) and 𝐹2 (0, 3), the equation of the
𝑦2 𝑥2
hyperbola is 𝑎2
− 𝑏2 = 1, the center is at the origin and the transverse axis is on the
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
Example 2 Find the standard equation of the hyperbola whose foci are 𝐹1 (−5, 0)
and 𝐹2 (5, 0), such that for any point on it, the absolute value of the
difference of its distances from the foci is 6.

7
Solution We have 2𝑎 = 6 and 𝑐 = 6, so 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = √𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 3. The
𝑥2 𝑦2
hyperbola then has equation 25 − 9
= 1.

The hyperbolas we considered so far are “horizontal” and have the origin as
their centers. Some hyperbolas have their foci aligned vertically, and some have
centers not at the origin. Their equations and properties are given in the table.

In all for cases below, we let 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 . Take note again of the following:

• For any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value of the difference of
its distances from the foci is 2𝑎.
• The foci 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 are 𝑐 units from the center 𝐶.
• The vertices are 𝑎 units away from the center 𝐶.
• The transverse axis is 𝑉1 𝑉2 has length 2𝑎.
• The conjugate axis has length 2𝑎 and is perpendicular to the
transverse axis.
• The transverse and conjugate axes bisect each other at their
intersection point 𝐶.
• Each branch of a hyperbola gets closer and closer to the asymptotes,
in the direction towards which the branch extends.
• The equations of the asymptotes can be determined by replacing 1 in
the standard equation by 0.
• The asymptotes can be drawn as the extended diagonals of the
auxiliary rectangle determined by the transverse and conjugate axes.
Standard Forms of the Equation of a hyperbola
Co-
Equation/graph Center foci vertices asymptotes
vertices
𝑥 2 𝑦2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑏
𝐹1 (−𝑐, 0) 𝑉1 (−𝑎, 0) 𝑊1 (0, −𝑏) 𝑦 = 𝑥
(0, 0) 𝑎
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐹2 (𝑐, 0) 𝑉2 (𝑎, 0) 𝑊2 (0, 𝑏) 𝑏
𝑦 = − 𝑥
𝑎

𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑉1 (0, −𝑎) 𝑊1 (−𝑏, 0) 𝑏
𝐹1 (0, −𝑐)
𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑎𝑛𝑑
− =1 𝐶(0,0) 𝐹2 (0, 𝑐) 𝑉2 (0, 𝑎) 𝑊2 (𝑏, 0)
𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑎
𝑦 = − 𝑥
𝑏

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
− =1 = 1 𝑏
(𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑦=
𝑎

𝑉1 and
(ℎ– 𝑎, 𝑘) 𝑊1(ℎ, 𝑘– 𝑏)
𝐹1 (ℎ– 𝑐, 𝑘) 𝑏
𝑦 = − (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎
𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑉2 𝑊2 (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑏)
𝐹2 (ℎ + 𝑐, 𝑘)
(ℎ + 𝑎, 𝑘)

8
 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
- =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘)
𝐹1 (ℎ, 𝑘– 𝑐) 𝑉1 (ℎ, 𝑘– 𝑎) 𝑊1(ℎ– 𝑏, 𝑘)
𝑎
𝑦 = (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝑏

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑎
𝑊2 (ℎ + 𝑏, 𝑘) 𝑦 = − (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝐹2 (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑐) 𝑉2(ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑎) 𝑏

Remember: Transverse Axis = 2𝑎

Conjugate Axis= 2𝑏
𝑎 = the distance from center to a vertex
𝑐 =the distance from center to focus

Let us have more examples using the concepts discussed above.

Example 3. Determine the center, foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the hyperbola
𝑥2 𝑦2
with equation 9
− 7
= 1.

Solution. With 𝑎2 = 9, and 𝑏 2 = 7, we have 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = √7, and

𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 4 by substituting the values of a and b.

Foci: (−4, 0)𝑎𝑛𝑑(4, 0)

Vertices: (−3, 0)𝑎𝑛𝑑(3, 0)

√7 √7
Asymptotes: 𝑦 = 3
𝑥 and = − 3
𝑥

Example 4. Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, co-vertices and
asymptotes of the hyperbola with the given equation:
(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−7)2
− = 1.
25 9

Solution From 𝑎2 = 25 and 𝑏 2 = 9, we have 𝑎 = 5 and 𝑏 = 3, and

𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √34 ≈ 5.8. The hyperbola is vertical. Then we have,

(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−7)2
Standard Form - =1 - =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 25 9
Center C(h,k) (7,-2)

𝐹1 (7, −2 − √34) ≈ (7, −7.8)

Foci F1(h,k–c) and F2(h,k+c) and
𝐹2 (7, −2 + √34) ≈ (7,3.8)

𝑉1 (7, −2 − 5) = (7, −7) and

Vertices V1(h,k–a) and V2(h,k+a)
𝑉2 (7, −2 + 5) = (7,3)

Co-vertices W1(h–b,k) and W2(h+b,k)

9
 𝑊1 (7 − 3, −2) = (4, −2) and
𝑊2 (7 + 3, −2) = (10, −2)

5
𝑦 = 3 (𝑥 − 7) − 2 or
𝑎 5 41
𝑦 = 𝑏 (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 and 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 3
and
Asymptotes 𝑎 5
𝑦= − 𝑏 (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 𝑦= − 3 (𝑥 − 7) − 2 or
5 29
𝑦=− 𝑥+
3 3

For visual appreciation, the graph of

(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−7)2
- = 1 is shown here.
25 9

𝑦
5 41
= 𝑥−

5 29
𝑦=− 𝑥+
3 3

https://www.geogebra.org/calculator

Example 5. The foci of a hyperbola are (−5,−3) and (9,−3). For any point on the
hyperbola, the absolute value of the difference of its distances from
the foci is 10. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola.
x +x y +y
Solution. Recall that the midpoint formula is equal to ( 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 ) where
(x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) are coordinates of the point .The midpoint
−5+9 −3+(−3)
( 2 , 2 ) = (2, −3) of the foci is the center of the hyperbola.
The distance of each focus from the center is 𝑐 units. Using (−5, −3)
and (2, −3), we have 𝑐 = √(2 + 5)2 + (−3 + 3)2 = √72 + 02 = 7 (the
value of 𝑐 is also equal to 7 when (9,-3) is used as focus) . In
addition, from the given difference 2𝑎 = 10, we have 𝑎 = 5. Also,
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 24. The hyperbola is horizontal (because the foci are
horizontally aligned), so the equation is
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 + 3)2
− = 1.
25 24
Example 6. A hyperbola has vertices (-4,-5) and (-4,9), and one of its foci is
(−4,2 − √65). Determine its standard equation.

10
 −4+(−4) −5+9
Solution: The midpoint ( 2
, 2 ) = (−4,2) of the vertices is the center of
the hyperbola, which is vertical (because the vertices are vertically
aligned). Each vertex is 𝑎 = 7 units away from the center (get the
distance from the center to any vertex). The given focus is 𝑐 = √65
units away from the center (get the distance from the center to the
given coordinates of the focus). Thus, 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 16, and the
standard equation is
(𝑦 − 2)2 (𝑥 + 4)2
− = 1.
49 16

How did you find the given forms of equation of a hyperbola? Let’s see if you can now
independently through the following practice tasks.

VI. Practice Exercises:

Practice Task 1. Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, co-vertices, and
asymptotes of the hyperbola with the given equation. Sketch the graph and include
these points and lines.
𝑥2 𝑦2
a. − =1
16 20
(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+3)2
b. 15
− 10 =1
(𝑦+4)2 (𝑥−5)2
c. 36
− 16
=1

Practice Task 2. Solve the following problems.

a. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola with foci 𝐹1 (−4√2, 0) and
𝐹2 (4√2, 0), such that for any point on it, the absolute value of the difference of
its distances from the foci is 8.
b. A hyperbola has vertices (1,9) and (13,9), and one of its foci is (-2,9). Find its
standard equation.

Congratulations! You did well.

Here’s the final test that you need to answer.

VII. Post Test:

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about hyperbolas?

A. They contain a center point located at (h,k)

B. They are the collection of all point that are fixed difference between the two
foci.
C. The vertices of a hyperbola will never be the same as the foci of a hyperbola.
D. The branches of a hyperbola will always open to the left and to the right.

11
 𝑦2 𝑥2
2. What are the asymptotes of a hyperbola with equation − = 1?
25 16
5 4
A. 𝑦 = ± 4 𝑥 C. 𝑥 = ± 5 𝑦
4 5
B. 𝑦 = ± 5 𝑥 D. 𝑥 = ± 4 𝑦
3. What are the coordinates of the vertices of a hyperbola with equation
(𝑥−1)2 𝑦2
4
− 4
= 1?
A. (1,2) and (1,-2) C. (1,1) and (1,-1)
B. (-1,0) and (3,0) D. (0,0) and (2,0)

4. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola with foci at (-7,-17) and (-7,17) and the
absolute value of the difference of the distances of any point from the foci is 24.
𝑦2 (𝑥+7)2 𝑦2 (𝑥+7)2
A. 576
− 287
=1 C. 144 − 145
=1
𝑦2 (𝑥+7)2 𝑦2 (𝑥+7)2
B. − =1 D. − =1
287 576 145 144

5. What is the standard equation of a hyperbola whose vertices are (−4, −5) and
(−4,9) and one focus at (−4, 2 − √65)?

(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+4)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+4)2

A. 49
− 16
=1 C. 49
− 16
=1
(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+4)2 (𝑦−2)2 (𝑥−4)2
B. 16
− 49
=1 D. 16
− 49
=1

Assignment:
Directions: Answer the following problems.
1. Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, co-vertices and the asymptotes
of the hyperbola with the given equations. Sketch the graphs.
𝑥2 (𝑦−5)2
a. − =1
15 4
2 2
b. 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 12 = 0.

2. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola which satisfies the given conditions.
a. Center (-10,-4), one corner of auxiliary rectangle at (-1,12), with horizontal
transverse axis
5 19 5 29
b. Asymptotes 𝑦 = − 12 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑦 = 12 𝑥 + 3 and a focus at (-4,-5)

References:
Department of Education (Bureau of Learning Resources) Pre – Calculus
Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Inc., Philippines, 2016
Department of Education (Bureau of Learning Resources) Pre - Calculus
Teacher’s Guide. Lexicon Press Inc., Philippines, 2016
Feliciano and Uy. Modern Analytic Geometry. Merriam & Webster Bookstore, Inc.,1994
Bernardo, Cleopatria A. et. al. Workbook in Analytic Geometry (Unpublished)
https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-hyperbola-formula.html
https://www.geogebra.org/calculator

12
Answer Key:

Pre-test:
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B

Practice Task 1
𝑥2 𝑦2
a. 𝑎2
− 𝑏2 = 1
𝑎2 = 16 so 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 2 = 20 so 𝑏 = 2√5 and 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √16 + 20 = 6,
then
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑥2 𝑦2 − =1
Standard Form − =1 16 20
𝑎2 𝑏 2
Center C(0,0) (0,0)
Foci F1(-c,0) and F2(c,0) (-6,0) and (6,0)
Vertices V1(-a,0) and V2(a,0) (-4,0) and (4,0)
Co-vertices W1(0,-b) and W2(0,b) (0,-2√5) and (0,2√5)
𝑏 𝑏 √5
Asymptotes y= 𝑎
𝑥 and y = −𝑎𝑥 y=± 𝑥
2

Deped Pre-Calculus Learner’s Module

(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+3)2
b. 15
− 10
=1
𝑎2 = 15 so 𝑎 = √15, 𝑏 2 = 10 so 𝑏 = √10 and 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √15 + 10 =
5, then
(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦 + 2)2 (𝑥 + 3)2
Standard Form - =1 15
−
10
=1
𝑎2 𝑏2
Center C(h,k) (-3,-2)
Foci F1(h,k–c) and F2(h,k+c) (-3,-7) and (-3,3)
Vertices V1(h,k–a) and V2(h,k+a) (-3,-2–√15) and (-3,-2+√15)
W1(h–b,k) and (-3–√10,-2) and (-3+√10,-2)
Co-vertices
W2(h+b,k)
𝑎 √6
𝑦 = 𝑏 (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 and 𝑦=± (𝑥 + 3) − 2 or
2
Asymptotes 𝑎 √6 3√6
𝑦 = − (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 𝑦= ± 2 𝑥± 2 −2
𝑏
13
 Deped Pre-Calculus Learner’s Module

(𝑦+4)2 (𝑥−5)2
c. − =1
36 16
Solution: From the equation, we have:
2
𝑎2 = 36 so 𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 2 = 16 so 𝑏 = 4 and 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 = √36 + 16 = √52 =
2√13, then
(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦 + 4)2 (𝑥 − 5)2
Standard Form - =1 − =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 36 16
Center C(h,k) (5,-4)
Foci F1(h,k–c) and F2(h,k+c) (5,-4–2√13) and (5,-4+2√13)
Vertices V1(h,k–a) and V2(h,k+a) (5,-10) and (5,2)
W1(h–b,k) and (1,-4) and (9,-4)
Co-vertices
W2(h+b,k)
3 7 3
𝑎 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 −
Asymptotes 𝑦 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 23
𝑏
2

14
Practice Task 2:
a. The hyperbola is horizontal and has center at (0,0), we have 2𝑎 = 8, so
2
𝑎 = 4, also 𝑐 = 4√2. Then 𝑏 = √(4√2) − 42 = 4.
𝑥2 𝑦2
The equation is 16 − =1
16

1+13 9+9
b. The center is the midpoint of 𝑉1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2 . So, 𝐶 = ( , ) = (7,9). Since 𝑎
2 2
is the distance from 𝑉1 𝑜𝑟 𝑉2 to the center (7,9), therefore a = 6 . To
determine 𝑐,we get the distance from 𝐹1 to the center, then 𝑐 = 9.
Therefore 𝑏 = √𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = √92 − 62 = √45 = 3√5
𝑥2 𝑦2
The equation is 36 − =1
45

Post Test:
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5.A

15