Building on Our Growth Opportunities May 27 – 30, 2015

Miser sur nos opportunités de croissance REGINA, SK

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR ELEVATED RC

TANKS CONSTRUCTION
Mohamed Darwish, PhD, PEng
Karim Kamel, BSc
Omar Balbaa, BSc
Ahmed El-feel, BSc
Jwanda Elsarag, BSc
Mohamed Tawfeek, BSc
Ahmed El-Embaby, BSc
Ghadir El-Shaer, BSc
Omar Montasser, BSc
Reem Aboali, BSc
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Presented by:
Reem Aboali, BSc
Introduction

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 Concrete Shaft Construction:
Climbing (Jump) Forms
• Applications: suitable for construction of multi-storey vertical
concrete elements in high-rise structures, such as shear walls, core
walls, lift shafts, stair shafts and water towers shafts.
Three Types of Jump Work
• Normal Jump/Climbing Form: forms dismantled using a crane to
move it to next level of construction.
• Guided Climbing Jump Form: units remain anchored to the
structure but lifted with a crane to the next level of construction.
• Self Climbing/ Jump Form: No crane is used, pushed on rails by
hydraulic Jacks.
 Concrete Shaft Construction:
Climbing (Jump) Forms
Construction Sequence
1. Formwork and working platforms are assembled on the
ground
2. Formwork is then lifted by a crane and fixed to anchors and
the climbing brackets which are bolted to the wall below
3. Steel Fixation
4. Pouring concrete
5. Formwork dismantling after setting up of the concrete and
raised by a crane to the next level ( for the self-climbing form,
this is done by the hydraulic jacks).
 Concrete Shaft Construction:
Slipforms
• Similar to Jump form, but is a continuous process where hydraulic
jacks are pushing the formwork upwards at a constant rate while the
concrete is being poured inside the formwork.
• Slip Formwork System has three
Platforms
– Upper Platform :
Storage and distribution area
– Middle Platform :
Working Area at the top of
the poured concrete level
– Lower Platform :
Concrete Finishing
 Shaft Construction: Selection Criteria
Construction Conventional Normal Guided Jump Self-
Jump Climbing Slipforms
Method Formwork Forms
Forms Forms
Cost-saving for Only Cost saving
Cost Cost-saving for medium – large heights
small heights for large heights
Safety Least safe Better safety due to more advanced components
Surface Finish Normal Fare-faced concrete
Adjustability Adjustable Non-Adjustable
Need for Crane Always Needed Only during concrete supply
Site Congestion Most Congested Less Congested Least Congested
Labor Semi-skilled Skilled Skilled Skilled Highly skilled
Time Slowest Medium Medium-High High speed Fastest
speed speed
Formwork Least Durable Durable Durable Durable Durable
Durability
The rate of
Typical
Needed Concrete conventional Preference when fast setting is pouring should
Characteristics possible be equal to that
concrete
of setting
 Tank Vessel Construction

• Massive structured false work : • Suspended false work :

1. Construct concrete shaft.
2. Assemble false work and
formwork.
3. Place reinforcement &/or pre-
tensioned tendons and pour
concrete.
1. Construct concrete shaft.
2. Suspend false work structure from
shaft and assemble formwork.
3. Place reinforcement &/or pre-
tensioned tendons and pour
concrete.
 Tank Vessel Construction

• False work lift (pushed) method: • Lift Slab Method:

1. Assemble false work on ground.
2. Construct vessel on ground.
3. Vessel raised by the jacks while
shaft is constructed.
4. Construct transition & rest
vessel.
1. Construct concrete shaft.
2. Assemble false work on ground.
3. Construct vessel on ground.
4. Suspend tendons from shaft.
5. Lift vessel & construct transition.
Tank Vessel Construction: Selection Criteria
Conventional
Construction Massive False Suspended False False Work Lift Liftslab Method
Method Work Method Method
Work
Cost-saving for Cost-saving for
Cost-saving for Cost-saving for
Cost medium and medium and
limited heights medium heights large heights large heights
Special precautions required during
Risk High probability of worker fall-off lifting
Accessibility
Not limited Limited Not limited Not limited
limitation
Requires special Requires special
Equipment Simple Simple
equipment equipment
Labor Semi-skilled Semi-skilled Skilled Skilled
Time Slowest Medium Medium Fastest
Design Special design considerations
None None
Considerations should be taken into account
Quality Control Moderate Moderate Better Quality Better Quality

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Case Study 1: 2 Million Gallons Tank,
Frankfurt Kentucky, USA
• Owner: Frankfort Electric and
Water Plant Board
• Consultant: The Crom Corporation
• Capacity: 7570 m3
• Total height: 130 feet (40 meters)
• Tank Diameter: 35 m
• One of the first four all concrete
elevated tanks in the United States.
 Elevated tank components
Dome:
35m span

Ring beam

Tank Vessel:
height is 13 m

Transition
thickness varies
from 0.6 to 1.2
m.

Concrete shaft
diameter of the wall is
9.75 m with a height of
27.5m

Raft foundation
a dimension 14m*4m by
depth 1.8
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Construction Sequence
1
• Raft Foundation

2
• Concrete shaft using jump forms

3
• Transition section
• Tank vessel formwork and pouring
4

5
• Ring beam

6
• Dome

Inner Vertical
members

Compression
members

Outer vertical
members
Tension members
Case Study 2:
Disney Road Elevated Water Storage Tank
• Owner: Anne Arundel county
department of public works
• Consultant: O’Brien and Gere
• Capacity: 7570 m3
• Total height: 59.1 m
• Bowl diameter: 30.5 m
Case Study 2: Construction Procedure
Construct 1st 3.9 Construct the
Construct m using remaining 33.1
Foundation conventional m of shaft by
forms slipforms

Construct the Construct the

Lift the tank
Vessel on the thicker wall,
using the lift
ground inner columns
slab method
and staircases.

Construct
Release lifting Construct tank
transition ring
tendons roof slab
beam
 Case Studies: Methods Evaluation
• Using slip forms to construct the shaft of the 2nd project
while normal jump forms were used in the 1st project as the
2nd tank was higher than the 1st tank.
• The higher height of the 2nd tank is the major reason giving
preference to the lift slab method to construct the tank
vessel as having the tank false work constructed at the top
of the shaft would be time-consuming and cost-consuming
while the situation was different for the 1st tanks.
• The verticality of the walls of the 2nd tank vessel made the
construction using the suspended formwork much more
difficult than constructing it on the ground then lifting it
using the lift slab technique while the walls of the 1st tank
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were slanted easing the use of suspended false work.
 Conclusion
• When examining the methods applied in the two
cases discussed in this paper against the developed
selection criteria, the selection criteria proved that
it covered the different aspects governing the
selection of the most suitable methods for
different elevated RC tank construction cases.
• It is highly recommended when using the selection
criteria matrix to take all the factors governing the
method selection into account as neglecting some
of them could cause real problems. 16
 Acknowledgements
• Department of Construction and Architectural
Engineering in the American University in Cairo.

17
 References
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Thank you

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