Applications

and Case Studies

Applications and Case Studies 2-1

 General Functions of SCADA System
 To reduce power cost.
 To reduce staffing.
 To reduce future capital requirements.
 To improve level of service
 To avoid environmental incidents.
 To comply with the regulator requirements.
 It may not be possible to run the business without
SCADA.
 To obtain a competitive edge.
 To replace an existing aging system.

Applications and Case Studies 2-2

 SCADA Performance Indicators
 Immediate alarm of lost production.
 Problem localization to minimize time to repair.
 Remote alarm to avoid equipment damage and lost
production.
 Automatic shutdown on detection of serious problem.
 Identification of field operational problems.
 Optimization of production.

Applications and Case Studies 2-3

 SCADA & Corporate IT Integration

Applications and Case Studies 2-4

Changing Attitudes to Successful Oil/Gas
Field Automation
 Acceptance of automation by field operations
personnel is essential to its success!
 Remotely monitors the performance of oil/gas wells.
 Making it possible to remotely control the flow of
oil/gas at each well.
 Substantially reduces the number of necessary
operator visits to the well sites.
 Changes the operator roles.
 Safety and protection of the personnel & environment
are improved.

Applications and Case Studies 2-5

 Oil/Gas Field Automation
 Improving the flow balance for the field.
 Automating well-test procedure increases production limits.
 Production control suitable for the spot market.
 Consistent oil/gas delivery.
 Field operators are responsible for 50% more sites.
 Saves operators from unnecessary travel to sites.
 Reducing their costs for road clearing and maintenance.
 Increases billing accuracy and reduces the billing cycle.
 Enable to analyze well performance for maintenance scheduling
and for resource reserve analysis.

Applications and Case Studies 2-6

 Application Areas of SCADA System
 Well-head control, custody transfer, automatic well-
testing.
 Production monitoring and control, gathering facilities,
enhanced oil recovery.
 Tank farm/terminals – tanker loading/unloading,
fire/gas protection, alarms/shutdown/interlocking, etc.
 Pipeline – pump or compressor control, surge control,
alarm and shutdown protection, metering, etc.

Applications and Case Studies 2-7

Applications and Case Studies 2-8
 Gas Lift System Related Information

Oil volumes – produced

Oil volumes – inventory
Gas compressor status
Alarm summary (active)
Analog data summary
Well head status, pressure, oil/gas flow rate

Applications and Case Studies 2-9

 Sucker Rod Pump Data Acquisition
Alarm Analog Signal
• Pump on/off • Rod load
• Power failure • Motor current
• RTU battery voltage • Well-head pressure
low • Beam-position
• Well-head pressure • Vibration level
• Vibration

Applications and Case Studies 2-10

Applications and Case Studies 2-11
 Well-head Monitoring and Control
 Well-head pressure.
 Well-head temperature.
 Well-head valve position.
 Well throttling control.
 Hydraulic Emergency Shut Down System.
 Remote stop control.

Applications and Case Studies 2-12

Applications and Case Studies 2-13
 Process Variables for Well-Head Management
1.Inlet gas lift pressure
2.Gas lift injection differential pressure
3.Casing-head pressure
4.Casing-head temperature
5.Tubing-head pressure
6.Tubing-head Temperature
7.Nozzle outlet differential pressure
8.Well outlet discharge pressure.

Applications and Case Studies 2-14

 Leak Detection of Liquid Pipeline
 Rate of change of pressure.
 Rate of change of flow.
 Static volume balance.
 Transient modeling system.
 Visual (Line walking, aerial surveillance, etc.)

Applications and Case Studies 2-15

 Leak Detection of Gas Pipeline
 Pressure drop detectors at block valves.
 Rate of change of pressure at block valves.
 Mass/volume balance.
 Transient modeling system.
 Acoustic.
 Portable gas detectors, buried detector.

Applications and Case Studies 2-16

 Integration Improvement of
Flow Computer – SCADA System
 Makes a cost effective larger SCADA System.
 Applicable communication protocols: Modbus or
Fieldbus.
 OPC client/server may be the effective standard
interface.
 Expensive, specialized host software packages will
no longer be required to retrieve and display flow
computer data.
 Material/energy flow balance can be monitored
easily.

Applications and Case Studies 2-17

 TANK FARM SYSTEM

Applications and Case Studies 2-18

 EQUIPMENT MONITORING
SYSTEM
Functions:
Continuous Protection Against Catastrophic Failure.
Early Detection of Machine Abnormalities.
Accurate Diagnosis of Problem.
Assessment of Level of Severity.
Accurate Prediction of Future Machine Condition Versus
Time (including time to failure).
Generation of Feedback Information for Control of
Machine Operational Characteristics.
Equipment health monitoring and failure prediction has been a
key technology area for over 15 years.
Applications and Case Studies 2-19
 SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS
A failure of some part of automation system may
cause injury to:
- member of public
- member of worker
- equipment
- environment
All process should be equipped with a safety
instrumented system.

Applications and Case Studies 2-20

 Design Philosophy of Safety Systems

SHOULD BE ABLE TO OVERRIDE NORMAL

CONTROL SYSTEM.
SHOULD NOT SHARE COMPONENTS WITH
NORMAL CONTROLS.
SHOULD BE AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE.

Applications and Case Studies 2-21

 MTU #1
MTU #2
Shutdown LC
Logic 202

RTU #2 RTU #1

LY
202

LS LS
203 203

Very complex safety system

Applications and Case Studies 2-22

 RTU

S S

R
IAS

LS
203

INLET
SCRUBBER

SCADA system with local loop override

Applications and Case Studies 2-23

 FROM RTU

S S

R R
IAS

PSL
FT
208

SCADA system with local shutdown

Applications and Case Studies 2-24

 PIPELINE PROTECTION
SYSTEM

Applications and Case Studies 2-25

 Valve with Satellite Communication Interface
for Pipeline Safety System

Applications and Case Studies 2-26

Applications and Case Studies 2-27
 Well Details

Applications and Case Studies 2-28

 Well Production Revenue

Applications and Case Studies 2-29

 INTEGRATED SAFETY SYSTEM

Applications and Case Studies 2-30

 GAS PLANT SCADA SYSTEM

Applications and Case Studies 2-31

 SCADA System dependent AREAS
(Corporate Resource Planning)

 Business Environment
 Inventory Management
 Process Modeling
 Analysis, Control and Measurements
 Planning

Applications and Case Studies 2-32

 Corporate Resource Planning

Applications and Case Studies 2-33

 Benefits of CRP
 Increases Availability
 Increases Productivity
 Proactive Monitoring & Control
 Continuous Process Improvement
 Business Performance Monitoring & Control

Applications and Case Studies 2-34

 Future Issues
 Open, non-proprietary systems are expected to
prevail for remote monitoring and control.
 The software should facilitate communications with all
types of field equipment as well as other computer
systems within the company.
 A standard communication protocol is required to
support the standard configuration of future
automation system (Fieldbus protocol).
 Web browser will be one user interface tools.
 Field – Office data integration becomes a crucial
need.

Applications and Case Studies 2-35

 Trends in SCADA and Internet
 By 2001, projections show the Internet to have over
200 million hosts and 2 billion people interconnected.
 More industries are executing more financial
transactions, online banking, and sharing vast
amounts of information.
 More companies are developing a number of
software that can exploit the interconnectedness of
the Internet.
 MMI allows a user the ability to connect to a SCADA
system from a remote site to control a process.
 IT managers and system analysts should have a
greater understanding on potential misuses of this
communication medium.

Applications and Case Studies 2-36