HOW MOLECULES MIX

REVIEW PRACTICE PROBLEM

• The mole:
• 6.022 x 10^23 particles
• If I have 1.505 x 10^25 molecules of ethanol, and I dissolve it in water to form
250 L of solution, what is the molarity of the solution?
• If I have 1.505 x 10^25 molecules of ethanol, and I dissolve it in water to form
250 L of solution, what is the molarity of the solution?
 SOLUBILITY

• Solubility= the solute’s ability to dissolve in

a solvent
• Solubility mainly depends on the attractions
between the fundamental particles of the
solute and solvent
• If the solute dissolves well in a solvent, it is
said to be soluble
 3 WAYS TO DESCRIBE SOLUBILITY

• Infinitely soluble
• No practical point of saturation
• Soluble
• Saturation is reached at some point
• Insoluble
• Solute does not dissolve to an “appreciable amount”
 SOLUBILITY

• Solubility also depends on attractions between

solute particles for one another, and solvent
particles for one another.
SOLUBILITY
SOLUBILITY CHANGES
WITH TEMPERATURE

• Solubility increases with increasing

temperature
• Increasing temperature= greater kinetic
energy
• Molecules can collide with solute more
vigorously
 SOLUBILITY OF GASES

• Solubilities of gases decrease with increasing

temperature
• Solvent molecules have more kinetic energy, making
it more difficult for a gas solute to remain in solution
• Why does a warm soda tend to go flat faster than a cold
soda?
 GAS SOLUBILITY
AND PRESSURE

• In general, a higher gas pressure means

more of the gas dissolves
• Great pressure “forces” gas molecules into
solution
 SOAP WORKS BY
BEING BOTH POLAR
AND NONPOLAR
CHAPTER 9- HOW CHEMICALS
REACT
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
 BALANCING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

• Law of Conservation of Mass: states that matter is neither created nor

destroyed in a chemical reaction
• We must balance chemical reactions in order to obey this law
 BALANCING EQUATIONS

• Focus on one element at a time

• Move on to next element and balance
• Repeat until all elements are balanced
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
PRACTICE