SUBATOMIC

PARTICLES
 STUDY TIP

• Do an exam review.
 EXAM 1 REVIEW

• Any Questions from the Exam??

 MODELS

• Physical Models
• Replicates and object to a more convenient scale
• Usually for things that are very large or very small
• Conceptual Models
• Helps us to predict how a system will behave
• Accuracy is important in making predictions
PHYSICAL OR CONCEPTUAL?

Conceptual Physical
 CATHODE RAY EXPERIMENT

• Cathode Rays
• Electricity would pass through a glass tube
• Realized that the rays had a negative charge
• Behaved as a beam of particles
Cathode Ray Experiment
 JJ THOMPSON

• Reasoned that the amount of deflection related to mass and charge

• Greater mass= less deflection
• Larger charge= more deflection

 Angle of deflection α
 OIL DROP
EXPERIMENT

• Robert Millikan
• able to calculate the electric
charge of a cathode particle
• Value to be 1.60 x 10-19
coulomb
• Derived the cathode ray
particle’s mass
• Found to be 9.1 x 10-31kg
• Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment
 SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

• Mass derived from equation was smaller than the mass of a hydrogen atom
• At the time, hydrogen atom was supposedly the smallest particle possible
• What is smaller than a hydrogen atom?
• Subatomic particles

 Angle of deflection α
 ELECTRON

• Negative charge
• Very small mass
• Determine many physical and chemical properties of atoms
PLUM PUDDING MODEL
 R UT HERFOR D
GOLD FOIL
EXP ERIM ENT

• Shot alpha particles through

gold foil
• Most passed through but
some alpha particles were
deflected
• interacted with a dense
positively charged center
• Called it the nucleus
ATOMIC MODEL

• Atom is mostly empty space

• Nucleus is made up of protons
and neutrons
• Nucleus located in the center
of an atom
• Electrons fill space around
nucleus
 THE ATOMIC MODEL

• Atomic nucleus made of protons and neutrons

• Protons:
• Positively charged in nucleus
• 2000 times larger than an electron
• In a neutral atom, # protons = # electrons
• Neutrons:
• James Chadwick 1932
• No electric charge
• Contributes mass to atom
• Roughly same mass as a proton
 ISOTOPES

• Atoms with the same amount of protons, but different number of neutrons
• Exhibit different mass numbers
 ATOMIC MASS

• Total mass of atom

• Measured in amu (atomic mass units)
• 1.661 * 10 ^-24 grams
PRACTICE
KAHOOT