WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

The process of sending and

reviewing messages to share
meanings.
 ELEMENTS OF THE
MODEL
• Sender - Speaker
• Receiver - Listener
• Messages
• Feedback
• Encoding
• Decoding
• Interference
 TWO KINDS OF
MESSAGES
• Non-Verbal
• Verbal - using • appearance
words • gestures
• volume • body
• tone movement
• eye contact
• spatial relations
PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION

• Specific
• General • Exchange Info.
• Social Contact • Exerting Control
• Self-Esteem • Following Social
• Gain & Share rules
knowledge
• Sharing Feelings
 HEARING VS.
LISTENING
• Hearing - • Listening - 4
physical ability steps
to pick up • hear
sound waves. • interpret
• understand
• recall
HOW COMMUNICATION
WORKS
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
• The Source (Sender) – The person that
creates the message
• The speaker transforms ideas and thoughts into messages and sends them
to a receiver or audience.
• The speaker decides what messages are to be sent and how they will be
sent.

• Encoding – The process of organizing the

message, choosing the words and sentence
structure and verbalizing the message
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

• The Receiver (Audience) – The receiver

interprets the message in ways that are
unique to that person
• Decoding – Process of interpreting the
message
• Although the sender/speaker may intend
a message to carry a specific meaning,
the receiver/audiences interprets the
message based on their own experiences
and attitudes
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

•Feedback – The audience’s

response to the message
• Can be conveyed both verbally
and non-verbally
• Often indicates whether a
speaker’s message has been
understood
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
• The Message – The content of the
communication process: thoughts and
ideas put into meaningful expressions
• Content can be expressed verbally and
non-verbally.
• Miscommunication can happen when the
audience misinterprets the speaker’s
intended message or when the speaker
misreads the audience’s feedback.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
• The Channel – Medium through which
the speaker sends a message
• Live audience – Channel = air waves
• Telephone lines, televisions, computers,
written correspondence
• Noise – Any interference with the
message
• Physical sounds, psychological noise
(emotions), environmental (room temp.,
etc.)
 THE MODELS
OF COMMUNICATION
 1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

Speaker Speech Audience Effect

Occasion
 2. SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Information Transmitter Reception Destination

source

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder Receiver

Noise

FEEDBACK
 3. SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Message

Encoder Encoder

Interpreter Interpreter
Decoder Decoder

Message
 4. OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

Field of experience Field of experience

Source Encoder
Signal Decoder Source
 5. WHITE’S STAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

Thinking Symbolizing Expressing

Monitoring Transmitting

Feedbacking Decoding Receiving

 COMMUNICATION
MODELS APPLIED

• Break into five small groups. Each group should do

the ff:
1. Explain the communication model assigned to your
group.
2. Use your own examples to explain the model.
3. Illustrate the model through a role play, which
shows both successful communication and failed
communication.