ANTIMONY

 Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) was recognized in predynastic Egypt as a cosmetic

caused KOHL( black powder used as eye make up/ eyelids)

 Also known as stimu, alabaster

 The very common platyophthalmos
 the Latin 'Stibium' carried the meaning of mark.
 principal source of antimony
= antimony glance or stimnite (rock, ore and crystals)
●Physical properties
→ silver- white, crystalline brittle solid with high metallic luster.
● Chemical properties
→ it burns evolving white fumes of the trioxide Sb2O3 when
heated in air or O2.
→ combines easily with Sulfur, Phosphorus and halogens.
● Identification test
→ identified by their orange precipitate of antimony.
→ insoluble in NH3, soluble in ammonium sulfide
●Pharmacologic Action
→ resembles closely of Arsenic.
→ produces topical irritation
→ Has an emetic action
→ Has an expectorant and nauseant action
→ Used in treatment of protozoan infection, schistosomiasis,
leishmaniasis
 Uses
→used in the preparation of compounds used in medicines
→ black metallic Sb (Zn + solution of antimony trichloride)
called antimony black = used to give a metallic iron or
paper Mache figures.

ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE

→ tartar emetic
→when employed as an emetic the action is slow and
marked depression follows.
→Used largely as depressant expectorant in oral dose of
3mg.
→USP does not recognize it for it’s expectorant and emetic
action but as an antischistosomal.
 BISMUT
→wismut (Basil Valentine ) metallic element.
H as semi-metal.
→Wissmat( paracelsus) designated
→Wissmuth ,Bisemutum,Plumbu, cineareum ( Georgium
Agricola true metal
The free element is 86% as dense as lead.

●Physical properties
→hard, brittle, lustrous, grayish-white metal having a reddish tint.
→Usually covered with a superficial film of bismuth oxide
Good conductor of electricity, poor conductor of heat
 Identification test
→Bismuth salts + nitric or hydrochloride = white precipitate when
diluted with water.
Pharmacological action
→Protoplasmic poison and are act used in medicine = soluble bismuth
→Employed as protective = insoluble bismuth
→Useful in removal of warts
→Exerts a mild astringent and antiseptic action
→Helpful in the treatment of diarrhea, gastritis and hyperacidity.

BISMUTH SUBCARBONATE [(BiO)2CO3]2∙H2O

→basic bismuth carbonate
→External application
- Dry powder or lotion or ointment to relieve dermal and mucous
membrane irritation.
→internal application
- gastric disorder, ulcer, diarrhea, dysentery
→Antacid

 BISMUTH MAGMA
(Milk of bismuth, bismuth Cream)
→Contains bismuth hydroxide and bismuth
subcarbonate in water
→Less effective as astringent and antacid (usual
dose: 5mL)
→Compound Resorcinol Ointment.
 VANDIUM
History and occurrence
→Vanadinite (manuel del Rio)
→Panchromium (exhibits a wide variety of colors)
→Erythronium
→vanadium (sefstrom)after old Norse vanadis
Physical properties
→Pure vanadium grayish powder or crystalline mass
having a silver –white luster.

Chemical properties
→solution of vanadates yield with ammonium sulfide
T.S., a brown precipitate which is moderately soluble in
an excess of the reagent to produce a reddish-brown
solution (NH4VS2)

Uses:
→recommended cause blood cholesterol treatment of
anemia and chlorosis
→Cause blood cholesterol lowering properties.
NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM
History:
→ in 1802 Hatchett studies a black mineral in
Connecticut and believed that it contained a new
metal which he called columbium
→A year later after Hatchett’s studies, Ekerberg,
investigate a mineral and found an element that
resembles titanium, tin, and tungsten, but still was
somewhat unlike any of them. He suggested the
name tantalum for the metal. Wollaston showed that
the same element was found by Hatchett and
Ekeberg. It was only in 1865 that Hermann,
Bloomstrand and Marignac made the distinction
between both metals.
Physical properties
→Niobium hard as wrought iron
-Steel gray color when polished possesses a brilliant metallic
luster
→Tantalum somewhat like platinum in appearance but not so brigh
 ductile, very tough

Uses:
→Tantalum does not react with bodily fluids
→Used to make surgical equipment
→Used to make surgical sutures as well as implants, such as
artificial joints.
→Used as surgical dusting powder.
Surgical sutures surgical dusting powder